Table 1.

Characteristics of case and control households from a series of six community-based case control studies in Borbón, Ecuador (from December of 2008 to May of 2009)

	Case households, N = 204 (%)	Control households, N = 831 (%)
Age
One or more children < 5 years of age	157 (77.0)	335 (40.3)
Household population
≥ 5 people	157 (77.0)	400 (48.1)
Ownership score (0–1)
< 0.3	94 (46.1)	319 (38.4)
≥ 0.3 to < 0.6	107 (52.5)	470 (56.6)
≥ 0.6	3 (1.5)	42 (5.1)
Education
≥ 1 household member completed high school	64 (31.4)	339 (40.8)
Drinking water source
Improved
Piped water	160 (78.4)	593 (71.4)
Bottled water	16 (7.8)	149 (17.9)
Rain water	8 (3.9)	36 (4.3)
Covered well	2 (1.0)	9 (1.1)
Unimproved
Uncovered well	9 (4.4)	11 (1.3)
River	7 (3.4)	9 (1.1)
Unknown	2 (1.0)	24 (2.9)
Point-of-use water treatment
Yes	56 (27.5)	250 (30.1)
No	146 (71.6)	556 (66.9)
Unknown	2 (1.0)	25 (3.0)
Water storage vessel mouth size
Small (< 8 cm)	128 (62.7)	556 (66.9)
Large (≥ 8 cm)	74 (36.3)	251 (30.2)
Unknown	2 (1.0)	24 (2.9)
Type of sanitation facility
Improved
Flush toilet	112 (54.9)	558 (67.1)
Pit latrine with raised platform	16 (7.8)	69 (8.3)
Unimproved
Open pit latrine	50 (24.5)	116 (14.0)
Open field	12 (5.9)	21 (2.5)
River	4 (2.0)	12 (1.4)
In a bag, newspaper, or basin	8 (3.9)	30 (3.6)
Unknown	2 (1.0)	25 (3.0)
Number of families sharing a toilet or latrine
1	112 (54.9)	527 (63.4)
≥ 2	63 (30.9)	204 (24.5)
Not applicable	24 (11.8)	63 (7.6)
Unknown	5 (2.5)	37 (4.5)
Household hygiene score (0–1)
< 0.6	41 (20.1)	105 (12.6)
≥ 0.6 to < 0.8	79 (38.7)	273 (32.9)
≥ 0.8	75 (36.8)	416 (50.1)
Unknown	9 (4.4)	37 (4.5)
Waste disposal
Improved
Collected by the city	134 (65.7)	601 (72.3)
Burned at home	13 (6.4)	47 (5.7)
Unimproved
Field, ditch, or river	55 (27.0)	159 (19.1)
Unknown	2 (1.0)	24 (2.9)