Table 2.
Biochemical reference values for children 0.5–12 years of age in Kintampo, Ghana*
| Parameters | Unit | Age groups of children | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.5–4.9 years | 5–12 years | ||||||
| No. | Median value | Reference value | No. | Median value | Reference value | ||
| Enzymes | |||||||
| ALT | U/L | 491 | 20 | 7–55 | 473 | 20 | 5–53 |
| AST | U/L | 489 | 39 | 23–72 | 471 | 31 | 19–57 |
| Amylase | U/L | 466 | 53 | 12–136 | 471 | 69 | 33–133 |
| CK | U/L | 454 | 108 | 35–291 | 474 | 159 | 59–515 |
| GGT | U/L | 453 | 13 | 3–34 | 474 | 14 | 7–31 |
| LDH | U/L | 257 | 608 | 360–995 | 439 | 509 | 277–823 |
| Serum proteins | |||||||
| Protein, total | g/dL | 456 | 69.7 | 56.0–87.0 | 457 | 73.2 | 54.0–87.9 |
| Albumin | g/dL | 471 | 44.3 | 35.9–50.0 | 476 | 42.6 | 34.2–49.8 |
| Metabolism | |||||||
| Bilirubin, total | μmol/L | 501 | 5.8 | 1.8–21.0 | 485 | 6.7 | 1.7–18.9 |
| Bilirubin, direct | μmol/L | 439 | 1.5 | 0.4–3.6 | 392 | 2.1 | 0.6–3.9 |
| Cholesterol | mmol/L | 467 | 3.1 | 1.7–5.0 | 477 | 2.8 | 1.7–4.3 |
| Glucose | mmol/L | 501 | 4.7 | 3.2–6.8 | 473 | 4.7 | 3.5–6.2 |
| Iron | μmol/L | 407 | 10.0 | 4.2–20.1 | 456 | 9.7 | 3.88–19.0 |
| Triglycerides | mmol/L | 460 | 1.2 | 0.5–2.7 | 475 | 0.9 | 0.5–1.91 |
| Kidney function | |||||||
| Urea | mmol/L | 380 | 1.8 | 1.0–4.2 | 473 | 1.9 | 1.0–4.5 |
| Creatinine | μmol/L | 483 | 33 | 17–52 | 471 | 50 | 33–74 |
| Uric acid | μmol/L | 466 | 179 | 71–340 | 464 | 170 | 72–274 |
| Chloride | mmol/L | 380 | 108 | 98–115 | 423 | 107 | 99–114 |
| Phosphorus | mmol/L | 459 | 1.71 | 1.26–2.25 | 477 | 1.42 | 1.03–1.84 |
| Potassium | mmol/L | 388 | 4.6 | 3.6–5.8 | 469 | 4.4 | 3.6–5.6 |
| Sodium | mmol/L | 379 | 143 | 131–149 | 415 | 144 | 135–151 |
*
ALT = alanine aminotransferase; AST = aspartate aminotransferase; CK = creatine kinase; GGT = γ-glutamyltransferase; LDH = lactate dehydrogenase.