Table 3.
Biochemical reference values for adolescents in Kintampo, Ghana*
| Parameters | Unit | Males | Females | Persons 13–17 year of age | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | Median value | Reference value | No. | Median value | Reference value | No. | Median value | Reference value | ||
| Enzymes | ||||||||||
| ALT† | U/L | 157 | 23 | 10–61 | 124 | 20 | 7–48 | 281 | 22 | 8–55 |
| AST† | U/L | 157 | 30 | 18–67 | 123 | 24 | 11–49 | 280 | 28 | 14–62 |
| Amylase | U/L | 160 | 62 | 31–119 | 127 | 60 | 30–123 | 287 | 61 | 31–120 |
| CK† | U/L | 153 | 258 | 96–572 | 124 | 191 | 91–567 | 277 | 218 | 94–562 |
| GGT | U/L | 157 | 16 | 5–47 | 125 | 15 | 8–30 | 282 | 15 | 6–45 |
| LDH† | U/L | 149 | 474 | 284–751 | 86 | 415 | 212–732 | 235 | 450 | 252–737 |
| Serum proteins | ||||||||||
| Protein, total | g/L | 149 | 71.6 | 45.2–86.0 | 123 | 72.4 | 46.7–87.3 | 272 | 71.8 | 46.4–86.5 |
| Albumin† | g/L | 160 | 42.0 | 34.3–48.9 | 126 | 43.2 | 37.8–50.5 | 286 | 42.7 | 35.4–49.3 |
| Metabolism | ||||||||||
| Bilirubin, total | μmol/L | 160 | 8.4 | 3.3–22.0 | 128 | 8.0 | 3.2–21.4 | 288 | 8.1 | 3.3–21.6 |
| Bilirubin, direct† | μmol/L | 124 | 2.6 | 1.2–4.0 | 101 | 2.2 | 0.8–3.9 | 225 | 2.4 | 0.9–4.0 |
| Cholesterol† | mmol/L | 161 | 2.8 | 1.7–3.9 | 127 | 3.2 | 2.0–5.3 | 288 | 3.0 | 1.8–4.6 |
| Glucose | mmol/L | 161 | 4.9 | 3.5–6.8 | 128 | 4.9 | 3.7–6.5 | 289 | 4.9 | 3.6–6.7 |
| Iron | μmol/L | 155 | 11.8 | 4.6–23.3 | 119 | 12.0 | 3.8–23.9 | 274 | 11.9 | 4.6–23.3 |
| Triglycerides | mmol/L | 157 | 0.8 | 0.4–1.8 | 127 | 0.9 | 0.5–1.7 | 284 | 0.80 | 0.40–1.70 |
| Kidney function | ||||||||||
| Urea† | mmol/L | 160 | 2.2 | 1.0–5.5 | 127 | 1.9 | 1.0–3.6 | 287 | 2.1 | 1.0–4.5 |
| Creatinine† | μmol/L | 130 | 62 | 42–79 | 116 | 60 | 33–78 | 246 | 61 | 39–79 |
| Uric acid† | μmol/L | 159 | 211 | 79–334 | 127 | 169 | 76–285 | 286 | 186 | 78–322 |
| Chloride | mmol/L | 141 | 107 | 95–117 | 112 | 107 | 98–115 | 253 | 107 | 96–116 |
| Phosphorus† | mmol/L | 161 | 1.36 | 0.95–1.79 | 127 | 1.24 | 0.96–1.65 | 288 | 1.30 | 0.96–1.77 |
| Potassium | mmol/L | 159 | 4.5 | 3.6–5.8 | 126 | 4.4 | 3.6–6.1 | 285 | 4.4 | 3.6–5.9 |
| Sodium | mmol/L | 138 | 144 | 132–156 | 108 | 145 | 132–151 | 246 | 144 | 132–152 |
*
ALT = alanine aminotransferase; AST = aspartate aminotransferase; CK = creatine kinase; GGT = γ-glutamyltransferase; LDH = lactate dehydrogenase. Adolescents are classified as children 13–17 years of age.
†
Parameters with significant sex differences.