TABLE 2.

Substrates and ions permeable to gap junctions

Table summarizes molecules reported to traverse gap junction channels. Key publication(s) showing evidence for transfer of a molecule via gap junctions is indicated in the right column

	References
Substrate
Glucose	Lavado et al., 1997; Goldberg et al., 1999, 2002; Qu and Dahl, 2004; Ma and Dahl, 2006
10 mer or < siRNA, shRNA, micro RNA	Neijssen et al., 2005; Valiunas et al., 2005; Wolvetang et al., 2007; Kizana et al., 2009; Brink et al., 2010; Katakowski et al., 2010; Lim et al., 2011
cAMP	Lawrence et al., 1978; Murray and Fletcher, 1984; Spray and Burt, 1990; Stagg and Fletcher, 1990; Locke et al., 2004; Bedner et al., 2006; Kanaporis et al., 2008
1-IP and 1,4-IP2,1,4,5-IP3, 1,4,6-IP3, 1,3,4-IP3, 1,3,4,5-P4	Saez et al., 1989; Hansen et al., 1993; Kam et al., 1998; Niessen et al., 2000; Locke et al., 2004; Ayad et al., 2006; Straub et al., 2010; Decrock et al., 2012
cGMP	Bevans et al., 1998; Taimor et al., 2000; Locke et al., 2004
Ions/Small Molecules
K+	Veenstra et al., 1994a,b; Beblo and Veenstra, 1997
Ca2+	Saez et al., 1989; Christ et al., 1992; Tour et al., 2007
Na+	Veenstra et al., 1994a,b; Beblo and Veenstra, 1997; Behringer et al., 2012
Cl−	Beblo and Veenstra, 1997
Glutamate	Beblo and Veenstra, 1997
Nitrate-	Garant, 1972; Beblo and Veenstra, 1997
Lithium	Beblo and Veenstra, 1997