Bradley 2002 |
Educational outreach visits; educational materials |
(1) Quality of the search strategy (post intervention) : mean average (1 = hightest) |
(1) Score difference: − 0.08, 95% CI = −1.32 to 1.16, P = 0.90 |
No significant effect of the intervention on quality of the search strategy immediately after intervention |
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(2) Quality of the search strategy (6-month follow-up): mean average (1= hightest) |
(2) Score difference : −2.75, 95% CI = −4.73 to −0.77, P = 0.007 |
Intervention improved quality of the search strategy 6 months after the intervention |
Cabell 2001 |
Didactic meetings; educational materials; Educational outreach visits |
(1) Search frequency (number of log-ons) |
No data for effect size calculations. Median: 2.1 vs 4. 4, P < 0.001 |
A simple educational intervention increased resident searching activity |
Cheng 2003 |
Educational meeting (workshop) |
(1) Proportion of professionals able to provide adequate clinical question |
(1) Intervention effect: 31%, 95% CI = 22% to 39%, P < 0.00001 |
The intervention increased the proportion of clinicians able to provide adequate clinical question |
Erickson 1998 |
Educational meeting (individual tutorial) |
(1) Proportion of professionals who performed 3rd search |
(1) Intervention effect: − 5%, 95% CI = −41% to 30%, P = 0.76 |
No effect of the intervention on the proportion of residents performing the search |
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(2) Proportion of professional who performed 4th search |
(2) Intervention effect: − 6%, 95% CI = −45% to 33%, P = 0.76 |
No effect of the intervention on the proportion of residents performing the search |
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(3) Search frequency (mean number of log-ons) |
(3) Intervention effect: 0. 22, 95% CI = −0.36 to 0. 80, P = 0.45 |
No significant difference was found as the result of the teaching intervention on search frequency |
Haynes 1991 |
Financial interventions |
(1) Proportion of professionals who searched MEDLINE |
(1) Intervention effect: −35%, 95% CI = −57% to −13%, P = 0.002 |
An economic intervention (introducing user fees for MEDLINE searching) was found to significantly reduce the proportion of professionals who conducted a search |
Haynes 1993 |
Educational outreach visits; audit and feedback |
(1) Proportion of professionals successful at the 4th search |
(1) Intervention effect: −5%, 95% CI = −24% to 14%, P = 0.62 |
No significant effect of the intervention on the proportion of participants who conducted a successful search |
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(2) Proportion of professionals successful at the 8th search |
(2) Intervention effect: 8%, 95%CI = −11% to 27%, P = 0.39 |
No significant effect of the intervention on the proportion of participants who conducted a successful search |
Haynes 2006 |
Educational material (Internet) |
(1) Proportion of professionals using the digital library |
(1) Intervention effect: 13%, 95% CI = 2% to 23%, P = 0.02 |
Significant benefits ot intervention on proportion of professionals using the digital library |
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(2) Search frequency (mean log-ons/month/user) |
(2) Intervention effect : 0. 34, 95% CI = 0.03 to 0.65, P = 0.03 |
The intervention increased the search frequency among those who used the digital library service |
Katz 2003 |
Organisational intervention (access to a triage-based email system) |
(1) Average number of weekly patient emails per 100 scheduled visits |
No data for effect size calculations Adusted IRR for differences in trends = 3.6, 95% CI = 2.1 to 6.2, P < 0.001 (trend of increased email volume) |
Intervention increased the volume of email but without decrease in phone volume and visit no-shows |
Magrabi 2007 |
Educational material (online training) |
(1) Frequency of use (mean number of searches) |
(1) Intervention effect: −0. 07, 95% CI = −0.37 to 0. 23, P = 0.64 |
No significant effect of the intervention on frequency of use |
Simon 2005 |
Audit and feedback |
(1) Frequency of residents accessing website |
4/12 residents accessed the website |
The study reported no effect of the intervention given to all participants |