Table 1. Pooled relative-risk of suicide in those diagnosed with a mental or substance use disorder.
Disorder | Number of studies | Pooled relative risk (95% UI) |
Major depressive disorder | 4 | 19.9 (9.5–41.7) |
Anxiety disorder | 7 | 2.7 (1.7–4.3) |
Schizophrenia | 4 | 12.6 (11.0–14.5) |
Bipolar disorder | 4 | 5.7 (2.6–12.4) |
Anorexia nervosa | 9 | 7.6 (2.2–25.6) |
Alcohol dependenceb | 12 | 9.8 (9.0–10.7) |
Opioid dependence | 21 | 6.9 (4.5–10.5) |
Psychostimulant dependence | 4 | 8.2 (3.9–16.9) |
Amphetamine dependencea | 1 | 4.5(1.1–9.03) |
Cocaine dependencea | 3 | 16.9(6.01–47.2) |
Note. 95% UI: 95% uncertainty interval;
Due to lack of data, simultaneously pooled cocaine and amphetamine relative-risk estimates into an overall estimate for psychostimulants which was applied to both disorders;
Used reported pooled standardised mortality ratios from Wilcox et al [27] for alcohol dependence.