Figure 1. Time course of TNF-α, IL-8, COX-2, IL-6, and IL-1β mRNA induction after treatment of THP-1 cells with PMA. THP-1 cells were untreated or were differentiated with 20 ng/ml PMA for the indicated time points. Total RNA was extracted and TNF-α (A), IL-8 (B), COX-2 (C), IL-6 (D), and IL-1β (E) mRNA levels were quantified by real-time PCR.