Table 2.
Overview of typical diesel fuel types
| Diesel fuel type | Typical methods | Typical properties | Influence on soot formation |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Mineral-oil-based diesel fuel |
● Petroleum distillation |
● Sulfur content |
● Soot formation proportional to sulfur content |
| ● Mixture of approx. 200 hydrocarbons (alkanes, olefins, cycloalkans, aromatics) |
● Aromatics content |
||
| ● Boiling curve | |||
| ● Low H/C ratio |
● Soot formation increases in the following sequence: Alkanes → Cycloalkanes → Olefines → Aromatics |
||
|
Bio-fuel 1st generation |
● Transesterification of vegetable oils |
● No sulfur content ● No aromatics |
● O2 content causes low soot formation |
| ● FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) |
● ~10% oxygen content |
● Increased SOF portion in the particles |
|
| ● High boiling point | |||
|
Bio-fuel 2nd generation & gas to liquid |
● Fischer-Tropsch process |
● No or very low sulfur and aromatics content |
● Low particle formation due to low sulfur and aromatics content and high H/C ratio |
| -Biomass to liquid (BtL) | |||
| -Gas to liquid (GtL) |
● No oxygen content |
||
| ● Hydrogenated vegetable oil (HVO) |
● High H/C ratio |
||
| ● High cetane number | |||
| ● Low spec. density |