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The paradigm of functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) scanning. The fNIRS paradigm consisted of two consecutive phases, the pre-neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) motor phase and the post-NMES motor phase. Between the pre-NMES and the post-NMES motor phase, electrical stimulation for the finger and wrist extension was provided to subjects in the NMES group for 5 minutes, and those in the sham electrical stimulation group for 5 minutes.
