Table 5.
K cohort: longitudinal psychosocial outcomes of children reported to have ear infections or hearing problems
| SDQ subscale |
Baseline ear infections |
Baseline hearing problems |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
SDQ Wave 1 4/5 years |
SDQ Wave 2 6/7 years |
SDQ Wave 3 8/9 years |
SDQ Wave 4 10/11 years |
SDQ Wave 1 4/5 years |
SDQ Wave 2 6/7 years |
SDQ Wave 3 8/9 years |
SDQ Wave 4 10/11 years |
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| % | AOR | % | AOR | % | AOR | % | AOR | % | AOR | % | AOR | % | AOR | % | AOR | |
| Abnormal/borderline pro-social score |
13.2 |
1.13 |
12.5 |
1.23 |
12.1 |
1.06 |
10.6 |
1.21 |
19.3 |
1.62 |
14.7 |
1.67* |
22.8 |
1.50 |
13.3 |
1.32 |
| p = 0.477 |
p = 0.129 |
p = 0.666 |
p = 0.158 |
p = 0.072 |
p = 0.025 |
p = 0.060 |
p = 0.234 |
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| Wald = 0.5 |
Wald = 2.3 |
Wald = 0.2 |
Wald = 2.0 |
Wald = 2.3 |
Wald = 5.0 |
Wald = 3.5 |
Wald = 1.42 |
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| SE = 0.2 |
SE = 0.2 |
SE = 0.1 |
SE = 0.2 |
SE = 0.4 |
SE = 0.4 |
SE = 0.3 |
SE = 0.3 |
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| Abnormal/borderline hyperactivity score |
22.8 |
1.36* |
22.1 |
1.34* |
17.8 |
1.05 |
19.4 |
1.17 |
32.3 |
2.00* |
28.0 |
1.91* |
32.8 |
1.70* |
24.0 |
1.34 |
| p = 0.026 |
p = 0.020 |
p = 0.678 |
p = 0.207 |
p = 0.002 |
p = 0.003 |
p = 0.013 |
p = 0.186 |
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| Wald = 5.0 |
Wald = 5.4 |
Wald = 0.2 |
Wald = 1.6 |
Wald = 9.3 |
Wald = 8.9 |
Wald = 6.1 |
Wald = 1.7 |
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| SE = 0.2 |
SE = 0.2 |
SE = 0.1 |
SE = 0.1 |
SE = 0.4 |
SE = 0.4 |
SE = 0.4 |
SE = 0.3 |
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| Abnormal/borderline emotional score |
26.3 |
2.32* |
21.0 |
1.40* |
21.4 |
1.26 |
28.4 |
1.44* |
29.0 |
2.39* |
21.6 |
1.76* |
28.6 |
1.56* |
30.7 |
1.51 |
| p = 0.000 |
p = 0.007 |
p = 0.056 |
p = 0.002 |
p = 0.000 |
p = 0.010 |
p = 0.038 |
p = 0.058 |
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| Wald = 39.1 |
Wald = 7.2 |
Wald = 3.7 |
Wald = 9.3 |
Wald = 13 |
Wald = 6.7 |
Wald = 4.3 |
Wald = 3.6 |
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| SE = 0.3 |
SE = 0.2 |
SE = 0.2 |
SE = 0.2 |
SE = 0.6 |
SE = 0.4 |
SE = 0.3 |
SE = 0.3 |
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| Abnormal/borderline peer problems score |
32.8 |
1.43* |
28.9 |
1.27*, |
33.1 |
1.34* |
30.0 |
1.33* |
40.9 |
1.83* |
30.2 |
1.46 |
38.6 |
1.55* |
42.6 |
1.96* |
| p = 0.004 |
p = 0.044 |
p = 0.013 |
p = 0.018 |
p = 0.005 |
p = 0.081 |
p = 0.042 |
p = 0.002 |
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| Wald = 8.1 |
Wald = 4.1 |
Wald = 3.2 |
Wald = 5.6 |
Wald = 7.8 |
Wald = 3.0 |
Wald = 4.1 |
Wald = 9.8 |
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| SE = 0.2 |
SE = 0.2 |
SE = 0.2 |
SE = 0.2 |
SE = 0.4 |
SE = 0.3 |
SE = 0.3 |
SE = 0.4 |
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| Abnormal/borderline conduct score |
51.9 |
1.39* |
25.0 |
1.25 |
22.6 |
1.13 |
23.9 |
1.26 |
57.0 |
1.59* |
33.3 |
1.90* |
31.4 |
1.47 |
38.7 |
2.00* |
| p = 0.005 |
p = 0.067 |
p = 0.298 |
p = 0.056 |
p = 0.001 |
p = 0.003 |
p = 0.076 |
p = 0.001 |
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| Wald = 8.0 |
Wald = 3.4 |
Wald = 1.1 |
Wald = 3.6 |
Wald = 4.6 |
Wald = 9.0 |
Wald = 3.1 |
Wald = 10.3 |
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| SE = 0.2 |
SE = 0.1 |
SE = 0.1 |
SE = 0.1 |
SE = 0.3 |
SE = 0.4 |
SE = 0.3 |
SE = 0.4 |
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| Abnormal/borderline total score | 32.8 | 2.07* |
21.4 | 1.42 |
18.1 | 1.12 |
23.9 | 1.41* |
40.8 | 2.62* |
20.3 | 1.64* |
31.5 | 1.69* |
29.3 | 1.63* |
| p = 0.000 |
p = 0.006 |
p = 0.349 |
p = 0.005 |
p < 0.001 |
p = 0.026 |
p = 0.015 |
p = 0.025 |
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| Wald = 33.0 |
Wald = 7.6 |
Wald = 0.9 |
Wald = 7.9 |
Wald = 19 |
Wald = 4.9 |
Wald = 5.9 |
Wald = 5.0 |
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| SE = 0.3 | SE = 0.2 | SE = 0.1 | SE = 0.2 | SE = 0.6 | SE = 0.4 | SE = 0.4 | SE = 0.2 | |||||||||
Note. * = significant difference; AOR = adjusted odds ratio; SE = standard error; SDQ = Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Analyses were adjusted for the responding parent’s education and Socio-Economic Indexes for Areas (SEIFA).