Table 1.
Characteristics of study participants according to uric acid quartiles
| Characteristics |
Q1 |
Q2 |
Q3 |
Q4 |
P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
(n = 2428) |
(n = 2114) |
(n = 1986) |
(n = 1982) |
||
| ≤0.2 | 0.21-0.24 | 0.25-0.29 | ≥0.30 | ||
| MetS (%) |
927 (38.2) |
1112 (52.6) |
1210 (60.9) |
1410 (71.1) |
<0.001 |
| Uric acid (mmol/L) |
0.18 (0.16-0.19) |
0.22 (0.22-0.24) |
0.27 (0.26-0.28) |
0.34 (0.31-0.37) |
<0.001 |
| Male n (%) |
316 (13.02) |
500 (23.65) |
705 (35.52) |
1205 (60.80) |
<0.001 |
| Age (yrs)b |
53.29 ± 7.97 |
55.72 ± 7.75 |
57.25 ± 7.45 |
57.93 ± 7.46 |
<0.001 |
| Smoking (yes) |
413 (17.02) |
411 (19.44) |
501 (25.23) |
680 (34.31) |
<0.001 |
| Alcohol (yes) |
524 (21.59) |
514 (24.31) |
579 (29.15) |
852 (42.99) |
<0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) |
125 ± 20 |
129 ± 21 |
132 ± 20 |
135 ± 19 |
<0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) |
78 ± 10 |
80 ± 10 |
81 ± 11 |
83 ± 10 |
<0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) |
23.41 ± 3.19 |
24.76 ± 8.45 |
25.53 ± 11.29 |
25.79 ± 4.49 |
<0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) |
80 ± 10 |
84 ± 12 |
86 ± 10 |
89 ± 9 |
<0.001 |
| Hip circumference (cm) |
94.07 ± 7.40 |
95.85 ± 7.00 |
96.85 ± 6.78 |
98.09 ± 6.89 |
<0.001 |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) |
6.05 ± 1.50 |
6.39 ± 1.89 |
6.50 ± 1.80 |
6.53 ± 1.61 |
<0.001 |
| P2hPG (mmol/L) |
7.95 ± 3.49 |
8.88 ± 4.16 |
9.26 ± 4.04 |
9.36 ± 3.91 |
<0.001 |
| HbA1C |
5.84 ± 0.97 |
6.01 ± 1.10 |
6.05 ± 1.07 |
6.02 ± 0.94 |
0.021 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L)c |
1.09 (0.82-1.52) |
1.36 (0.98-1.93) |
1.49 (1.06-2.24) |
1.86 (1.29-2.67) |
<0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) |
4.59 ± 0.99 |
4.79 ± 0.99 |
4.81 ± 1.01 |
4.88 ± 1.05 |
<0.001 |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) |
2.56 ± 0.75 |
2.66 ± 0.76 |
2.72 ± 0.79 |
2.72 ± 0.78 |
<0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) |
1.33 ± 0.33 |
1.27 ± 0.31 |
1.22 ± 0.31 |
1.17 ± 0.30 |
<0.001 |
| Physical activity |
|
|
|
|
0.191 |
| Low |
1795 (73.96) |
1538 (72.75) |
1453 (73.16) |
1395 (70.38) |
|
| Moderate |
487 (20.07) |
435 (20.58) |
397 (19.99) |
438 (22.10) |
|
| High |
145 (5.97) |
141 (6.67) |
136 (6.85) |
149 (7.52) |
|
| Education |
|
|
|
|
0.061 |
| 0-6 |
520 (21.43) |
516 (24.41) |
497 (25.03) |
464 (23.41) |
|
| 7-9 |
1217 (50.14) |
1048 (49.57) |
989 (47.80) |
988 (49.85) |
|
| ≥10 |
690 (28.43) |
550 (26.02) |
500 (27.17) |
530 (26.74) |
|
| Stroke |
69 (2.84) |
84 (3.97) |
99 (4.98) |
168 (8.48) |
<0.001 |
| Coronary heart disease |
149 (6.14) |
171 (8.09) |
233 (11.73) |
379 (19.12) |
<0.001 |
| Hypertension |
1029 (42.40) |
1109 (52.46) |
1213 (61.08) |
1386 (69.93) |
<0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus |
319 (13.14) |
453 (21.43) |
574 (28.90) |
622 (31.38) |
<0.001 |
| Anti-hypertension medications |
342 (14.09) |
351 (16.60) |
394 (19.84) |
448 (22.60) |
<0.001 |
| Anti-diabetic medications |
110 (4.53) |
111 (5.25) |
140 (7.05) |
119 (6.00) |
0.003 |
| Lipid-lowering medications | 65 (2.68) | 71 (3.36) | 62 (3.12) | 57 (2.88) | 0.571 |
SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; BMI, body mass index; P2hPG, postprandial 2-hour plasma glucose; HbA1C, Glycated hemoglobin; LDL, Low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high--density lipoprotein.
aData are presented as mean ± SD, median (interquartile range), or number (percent); P value was calculated after adjustment for age, gender.
bNot adjusted for itself.
cThis variables was log transformed before analysis.