Table 1.
Baseline characteristics by distance from residence postal code and nearest dialysis facility (% or mean ± SD)
|
< 5 km |
5-20 km |
>20 km |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| % (N) | % (N) | % (N) | |
|
N |
27.2(7192) |
35.1(9287) |
37.7(9970) |
|
CVC* |
79.7 (5659)a |
78.1(7251)a |
82.3(8202)b |
|
AVF/AVG** |
21.3(1533)a |
21.9(2036)a |
17.7(1768)b |
|
Age p < 0.001 |
67.5(14.9) |
66.2(15.3) |
64.8(15.0) |
|
Sex (% female) |
41.9(3012)a |
40.3(3740)b |
40.4(4027)a,b |
|
Race |
|
|
|
| Caucasian |
69.7(5014)a |
68.1(6324)a |
78.0(7780)b |
| Aboriginal |
4.9(349)a |
1.8(170)b |
11.4(1139)c |
| East Asian |
7.4(534)a |
9.1(842)b |
1.8(182)c |
| South Asian |
9.9(710)a |
11.9(1101)b |
6.5(649)c |
| Black |
4.0(297)a |
4.8(448)b |
1.1(108)c |
| Other |
4.0(288)a |
4.3(402)a |
1.1(112)b |
|
BMI p < 0.0001 |
27.4(7.0) |
27.7(7.1) |
28.1(7.1) |
|
Geographic location |
|
|
|
| Atlantic |
21.8(609)a |
22.3(622)b |
55.9(1560)c |
| Central |
29.1(4196)a |
38.3(5462)a |
32.6(4647)b |
| Prairie |
24.9(1495)a |
32.6(1955)a |
42.5(2550)b |
| Pacific |
27.7(942)ab |
36.7(1248)b |
35.6(1213)a |
|
Co-morbidities |
|
|
|
| Angina |
22.4(1613)a |
21.7(2015)a |
21.9(2180)a |
| Acute coronary syndrome |
21.6(1555)a |
21.0(1954)a |
22.2(2209)a |
| Pulmonary edema |
27.0(1940)a |
24.7(2298)b |
27.5(2738)b |
| Diabetes mellitus |
48.7(3500)a |
46.3(4299)b |
48.1(4792)a |
| Stroke |
15.1(1087)a |
13.5(1253)b |
14.3(1421)b |
| Peripheral vascular disease |
19.2(1380)a |
17.5(986)b |
12.4(1238)b |
| Malignancy |
11.5(828)b |
10.6(1149)a |
12.7(1264)a |
| Lung disease |
12.1(924)a |
10.9(1180)b |
12.9(1178)a |
| Hypertension |
83.1(5977)a |
82.5(7665)a,b |
82.3(8207)b |
| Serious Illness |
11.2(809)a |
11.1(1034)a |
10.4(1036)a |
| Current smoker |
13.3(959)a |
11.0(1017)b |
15.6(1557)c |
| CABG |
13.3(954)a |
13.8(1282)a |
13.6(1355)a |
|
Cause of ESRD: |
|
|
|
| Hypertension |
23.9(1718)a |
22.9(2476)a |
21(1918)b |
| Diabetes mellitus |
39.0(2807)a |
36.1(3909)b |
38.4(3514)a |
| Glomerulonephritis |
12.6(906)a |
14.9(1611)b |
14.8(1355)b |
| Obstruction |
3.0(213)a |
3.8(409)b |
3.9(354)b |
| Interstitial disease |
0.9 (63)a |
1.0 (91)a |
1.1(107)a |
| Polycystic kidney disease |
3.0(216)a |
3.9(364)a |
4.1(404)a |
| Other |
7.0(504)a |
7.7(713)a,b |
8.1(808)b |
| Unknown |
10.6(765)a |
9.7(905)a |
8.9(883)b |
|
Albumin g/L (mean ± SD) p < 0.0001 |
32.3(11.9) |
32.0(7.7) |
31.4(8.8) |
|
Hemoglobin g/L (mean ± SD) p = 0.02 |
101.1(20.5) |
100.8(18.4) |
99.9(33.3) |
|
Any pre-dialysis care (>90 days) |
58.9(4233)a |
57.3(5318)b |
55.7(5553)c |
|
Pre-HD care < 1 year+ |
27.9(1652)a |
34.8(2057)a |
37.3(2203)a |
|
Pre-HD care 1–3 years+ |
28.0(1561)a |
35.6(1984)a |
36.3(2023)a |
| Pre-HD care > 3 years+ | 28.1(1471)a | 35.4(1853)a | 36.5(1910)a |
Similar letters denote a subset of distance categories whose column proportions do not differ significantly from each other at the 0.05 level.
* CVC – central venous catheter.
** AVF/AVG – Arteriovenous fistula or arteriovenous graft.
+ limited to patients with any pre-dialysis care.