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. 2014 Apr 3;4:4580. doi: 10.1038/srep04580

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(a) Current–voltage characteristic for solar cell performance under AM 1.5 G. In the tandem-structured TiO₂/Au/Si, the short–circuit current and the open–circuit voltage increased, compared with those of Au/Si, whereas the fill factor was smaller than that of Au/Si because the resistance factor increased. (b) Incident photon to current conversion efficiency as a function of wavelength measured on the Au/Si diode (red line) and the tandem-structured TiO₂/Au/Si diode (green line), showing that the tandem-structured TiO₂/Au/Si exhibited an enhanced efficiency, compared with that of Au/Si, across the entire range of wavelengths. The black line represents the IPCE of Au/TiO₂, revealing no generation of photocurrent under visible light.