Table 1.
Descriptive characteristics of the Medicare-eligible cohort
| Characteristics | All | Hemorrhagic Stroke | No Hemorrhagic Stroke | P Valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients (n) | 265,685 | 2397 | 263,288 | |
| Age (yr) | 64.7±15.1 | 63.1±14.3 | 64.7±15.2 | <0.001 |
| Men, n (%) | 140,599 (52.9) | 1,202 (50.2) | 139,397 (52.9) | 0.006 |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| African American | 79,693 (30.0) | 896 (37.4) | 78,797 (29.9) | |
| White | 145,768 (54.9) | 987 (41.2) | 144,781 (55.0) | |
| Hispanic | 27,738 (10.4) | 370 (15.4) | 27,368 (10.4) | |
| Other | 12,486 (4.7) | 144 (6.0) | 12,342 (4.7) | |
| Body mass index category, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| <20 kg/m2 | 25,710 (9.7) | 318 (13.3) | 25,392 (9.6) | |
| 20–24.9 kg/m2 | 84,154 (31.7) | 877 (36.6) | 83,277 (31.6) | |
| 25–29.9 kg/m2 | 76,043 (28.6) | 669 (27.9) | 75,374 (28.6) | |
| ≥30 kg/m2 | 79,778 (30.0) | 533 (22.2) | 79,245 (30.1) | |
| Smoker, n (%) | 14,893 (5.6) | 158 (6.6) | 14,735 (5.6) | 0.04 |
| Substance abuser, n (%) | 5730 (2.2) | 117 (4.9) | 5613 (2.1) | <0.001 |
| Unemployed, n (%) | 252,749 (95.1) | 2318 (96.7) | 250,431 (95.1) | <0.001 |
| Unable to ambulate, n (%) | 11,443 (4.3) | 109 (4.6) | 11,334 (4.3) | 0.54 |
| Unable to transfer, n (%) | 4075 (1.5) | 38 (1.6) | 4037 (1.5) | 0.80 |
| In-center hemodialysis, n (%)b | 247,584 (93.2) | 2292 (95.6) | 245,292 (93.2) | <0.001 |
| Hemoglobin < 11.0 g/dl, n (%) | 176,664 (72.9) | 1706 (77.8) | 174,958 (72.8) | <0.001 |
| Comorbid conditions, n (%) | ||||
| Hypertension | 224,159 (84.4) | 2096 (87.4) | 222,063 (84.3) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 141,067 (53.1) | 1328 (55.4) | 139,739 (53.1) | 0.02 |
| Congestive heart failure | 88,226 (33.2) | 701 (29.2) | 87,525 (33.2) | <0.001 |
| Coronary artery disease | 74,734 (28.1) | 552 (23.0) | 74,182 (28.2) | <0.001 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 40,662 (15.3) | 305 (12.7) | 40,357 (15.3) | <0.001 |
| Prior cerebrovascular accident | 27,304 (10.3) | 416 (17.4) | 26,888 (10.2) | <0.001 |
| Liu comorbidity score | 5.1±2.8 | 4.9±2.6 | 5.1±2.8 | 0.01 |
| Cause of ESRD, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Diabetes | 125,220 (47.2) | 1209 (50.4) | 124,011 (47.1) | |
| Hypertension | 70,117 (26.4) | 690 (28.8) | 69,427 (26.4) | |
| Glomerulonephritis | 22,817 (8.6) | 169 (7.1) | 22,648 (8.6) | |
| Other | 47,531 (17.9) | 329 (13.7) | 47,202 (17.9) |
a
P value is for the comparison between individuals who did and did not experience a hemorrhagic stroke.
b
In-center hemodialysis is contrasted to self-care dialysis, which consists of peritoneal dialysis and home
hemodialysis.