Table 2.
Multivariable-adjusted odds ratio for initiation of dialysis based upon daily covariates
| Covariate | Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) | P Value |
|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||
| Age (per 10 yr) | 0.92 (0.84 to 1) | 0.06 |
| Male sex | 0.56 (0.45 to 0.7) | <0.001 |
| Black (versus other races) | 0.52 (0.37 to 0.72) | <0.001 |
| Hospital location | ||
| Intensive care unit (versus other hospital location) | 1.78 (1.23 to 2.57) | 0.002 |
| Comorbid conditions (present at admission) | ||
| Liver disease | 1.24 (0.98 to 1.57) | 0.07 |
| Malignancy | 0.76 (0.52 to 1.12) | 0.17 |
| Metastatic solid tumor | 0.63 (0.35 to 1.14) | 0.13 |
| Paraplegia | 0.64 (0.35 to 1.19) | 0.16 |
| Laboratory values | ||
| Anion gap (per mEq/L) | 1.03 (1.01 to 1.05) | 0.004 |
| Baseline eGFR (per 10 ml/min per 1.73 m2) | 0.93 (0.88 to 0.99) | 0.03 |
| Bicarbonate (per mEq/L) | 0.95 (0.93 to 0.98) | <0.001 |
| BUN (per 10 mg/dl) | 1.13 (1.09 to 1.17) | <0.001 |
| Change in creatinine over 24 hr (per mg/dl) | 1.19 (1.02 to 1.38) | 0.03 |
| Creatinine (per mg/dl) | 2.08 (1.86 to 2.32) | <0.001 |
| Fraction of inspired oxygen (per 10% increase) | 1.06 (1.02 to 1.11) | 0.004 |
| Platelet count (per 50,000/µl) | 0.9 (0.85 to 0.95) | <0.001 |
| Potassium (per mEq/L) | 1.59 (1.42 to 1.78) | <0.001 |
| Sodium (per mEq/L) | 0.95 (0.94 to 0.97) | <0.001 |
| White blood cell count (per 1000/µl) | 1.01 (1 to 1.01) | 0.05 |
| Medications | ||
| Number of sedatives (per each additional) | 1.17 (1.03 to 1.31) | 0.01 |
| Number of antibiotics (per each additional) | 1.1 (1.02 to 1.19) | 0.01 |
| Number of pressors (per each additional) | 1.55 (1.4 to 1.73) | <0.001 |
| Paralytic exposure | 1.86 (1.37 to 2.53) | <0.001 |
| Potassium-sparing diuretic | 1.85 (1.01 to 3.4) | 0.04 |
| Prior aminoglycoside exposure | 1.39 (1.12 to 1.72) | 0.003 |
| Thiazide diuretic | 2.25 (1.73 to 2.93) | <0.001 |
| Other orders | ||
| Blood culture ordered | 1.26 (0.91 to 1.76) | 0.17 |
| Do-not-resuscitate order | 0.33 (0.21 to 0.53) | <0.001 |
| Fresh frozen plasma transfusion | 1.84 (1.39 to 2.44) | <0.001 |
| Packed red blood cell transfusion | 1.53 (1.22 to 1.93) | <0.001 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 1.21 (0.93 to 1.58) | 0.16 |
| Day of week | ||
| Sunday (versus other days of the week) | 0.54 (0.39 to 0.74) | <0.001 |
Factors excluded from the model by stepwise regression included admission year, surgical admission, cardiovascular disease, congestive heart failure, dementia, diabetes mellitus, HIV disease, peptic ulcer disease, peripheral vascular disease, pulmonary disease, rheumatic disease, serum hemoglobin, cryoglobulin transfusion, platelet transfusion, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin-receptor blocker use and loop diuretic use. eGFR, estimated GFR.