TLR7–/– mice display a functional deficiency in cytokine responses to R848. (A) Total bone marrow cell suspensions were prepared from WT or TLR7–/– mice and cultured for 18 h with media, 1 μg/ml R848, 5 μg/ml CpG, or 5 × 106 pfu/ml HSV-2. (B) Bone marrow-derived DCs and peritoneal macrophages were prepared from WT, TLR7–/–, TLR9–/–, and MyD88–/– mice and stimulated with 1 μg/ml R848 for 48 h. Cytokines were measured by ELISA.