Inset shows the method of hemodynamic measurements, with the piezoelectric crystals placed across the anterior wall of the LV and the pressure probe inside the LV cavity, as described previously. To determine cardiac function in vivo, +dP/dt and –dP/dt were derived from measures of LV pressure 24 h after I/R or sham operation. Ad.SERCA2a prevented decrease in +dP/dt and –dP/dt seen in control animals after I/R. Anterior systolic thickening was measured by microsonometry with epicardial and endocardial piezoelectric crystals. Ad.SERCA2a expression preserved systolic thickening at levels comparable with sham-operated animals and significantly better than Ad.βgal transduced animals after I/R. (SERCA2a, n = 6; βgal, n = 8; Sham, n = 7.)