Table 1.
Characteristics of study participants with normal liver fat content (IHL ≤ 5.5%) versus those with elevated liver fat (IHL > 5.5%)
|
Variable |
IHL ≤5.5% |
IHL >5.5% |
p |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | ± SD | Mean | ± SD | p | |
| M:F |
20:21 |
- |
19:10 |
- |
|
| Age (years) |
71.5 |
2.6 |
71.0 |
2.2 |
0.48 |
| Weight (Kg) |
70.1 |
11.3 |
84.4 |
12.7 |
<0.001 |
| BMI (kg m-2) |
25.2 |
2.7 |
28.6 |
3.6 |
<0.001 |
| Waist (cm) |
91.1 |
10.2 |
104.6 |
9.4 |
<0.001 |
| MRI VAT (cm2) |
93.1 |
48.5 |
176.5 |
55.9 |
<0.001 |
| Alcohol (units/week)* |
2.0 |
(1.0,6.0) |
2.0 |
(0,14.0) |
0.88 |
| ALT (iu/l)* |
21.0 |
(17.0,27.0) |
32.0 |
(24.0,36.0) |
<0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) |
5.6 |
0.3 |
5.7 |
0.3 |
0.20 |
| HIE (%) |
88.1 |
2.8 |
85.6 |
4.5 |
0.01 |
| OGIS (ml min-1 m-2) |
438.6 |
52.1 |
367.8 |
52.4 |
<0.001 |
| IHL (%)* |
1.8 |
(0.9,3.4) |
14.6 |
(7.9,19.0) |
<0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) |
135.4 |
18.0 |
139.2 |
17.0 |
0.38 |
| DBP (mmHg) |
74.2 |
8.8 |
76.0 |
10.2 |
0.44 |
| Fasting Glucose (mmol/l) |
4.9 |
0.4 |
5.2 |
0.5 |
0.028 |
| 2-hour Glucose (mmol/l) |
6.5 |
1.7 |
8.2 |
1.8 |
<0.001 |
| Fasting Insulin (pmol/l)* |
47.0 |
(32.8,64.6) |
77.3 |
(48.1,102.0) |
<0.001 |
| Total Cholesterol (mmol/l) |
5.8 |
1.1 |
5.3 |
1.2 |
0.12 |
| HDL-Cholesterol (mmol/l) |
1.6 |
0.4 |
1.3 |
0.3 |
0.007 |
| LDL-Cholesterol (mmol/l) |
3.7 |
0.9 |
3.3 |
1.0 |
0.039 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/l)* |
1.0 |
(0.7,1.3) |
1.5 |
(1.0,2.4) |
<0.001 |
| zMS |
-0.40 |
0.49 |
0.34 |
0.44 |
<0.001 |
| Taking statin (%) |
4 (9.8%) |
|
10 (34.5%) |
|
0.011 |
| Taking ACEI/ARB (%) |
7 (17.1%) |
|
7 (24.1%) |
|
0.47 |
| Taking Betablocker (%) |
5 (12.2%) |
|
7 (24.1%) |
|
0.19 |
| Taking CCB (%) |
4 (9.8%) |
|
6 (20.7%) |
|
0.20 |
| Family History of DM (%) |
10 (25%) |
|
7 (25.9%) |
|
0.93 |
| Current or ex-smoker (%) | 12 (29.3%) | 12 (41.4%) | 0.29 | ||
Continuous variables are summarised as means ± standard deviations, with p-values from t-tests. Continuous variables asterisked (*) have skewed distributions, so are summarised are medians and interquartile ranges, with p-values from Wilcoxon rank sum tests. Binary variables are summarised as N and %, with p-values from chi-squared tests.
ACEI – Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor; ARB – Angiotensin Receptor Blocker; CCB – Calcium Channel Blocker; DBP – Diastolic Blood Pressure; DM – Diabetes Mellitus; HDL – High Density Lipoprotein; HIE – Hepatic Insulin Extraction; IHL – Intrahepatic Lipid; LDL – Low Density Lipoprotein; OGIS – oral glucose insulin sensitivity; SBP – Systolic Blood Pressure; zMS – Standardised Composite Metabolic Risk.