. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Apr 3.

Published in final edited form as: J Atten Disord. 2010 Jul 8;15(7):593–603. doi: 10.1177/1087054710374576

Table 2.

Neuropsychological Performance of Children With ADHD With and Without Heavy Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy

	Exposed to Prenatal Smoking M (SD)	Not Exposed to Prenatal Smoking M (SD)	F	p
Connors CPT ^a
Errors of omission (%)	7.9 (8.07)	6.60 (6.23)	4.94	.028
Errors of commission (%)	54.39 (20.63)	57.85 (20.55)	0.29	.59
Reaction time (ms)	509.42 (135.46)	431.81 (103.26)	7.45	.007
RT variability (SE)	18.93 (10.31)	17.35 (12.51)	10.22	.002
Stroop ^b
Golden Interference Score	185.52 (86.35)	186.43 (78.33)	0.58	.94
VMI ^c
Beery standard score	84.75 (10.07)	92.40 (15.47)	1.63	.26
Purdue ^d
Dominant raw score	13.04 (2.07)	13.33 (1.85)	0.61	.43
Nondominant raw score	12.37 (2.52)	12.25 (1.92)	1.31	.25
Bimanual raw score	9.37 (1.59)	10.38 (1.68)	4.99	.03

Heavy maternal smoking =³ 10 cigarettes in 24 hours at any point in the pregnancy.

CPT = Continuous Performance Test; RT = reaction time; SE = standard error; VMI = Beery Visual Motor Integration Test.

Child age was the significant covariate errors of omission (F = 13.58, p < .001); reaction time (F = 14.7, p < .001) and reaction time variability (F = 3.87, p = .006).

Child age was the significant covariate (F = 27.94, p < .001).

Child age was the significant covariate (F = 22.27, p < .001).

Child age was the significant covariate for dominant raw score (F = 7.83, p = .008) and nondominant raw score (F = 13.20, p = .001), Child IQ was the significant covariate for nondominant raw score (F = 4.80, p = .034).