TABLE 4.

Results of Bivariate Model-Fitting of Disordered Gambling and Alcohol Use Disorder

Alcohol use disorder phenotype	Proportion of variation		Correlations between factors explaining variation in risk for disordered gambling and alcohol use disorder
	Additive genetic	Unique environment	Genetic correlations	Environmental correlations
Full sample
DSM-IV alcohol dependencea	0.48 (0.35, 0.61)	0.52 (0.39, 0.65)	0.44 (0.33, 0.49)	0.32 (0.13, 0.42)
DSM-5 alcohol use disordera	0.50 (0.42, 0.57)	0.51 (0.43, 0.58)	0.29 (0.16, 0.36)	0.37 (0.28, 0.42)
DSM-IV AUD symptom countb	0.43 (0.38, 0.48)	0.57 (0.52, 0.62)	0.35 (0.32, 0.38)	0.22 (0.17, 0.27)
Men
DSM-IV alcohol dependencea	0.41 (0.22, 0.61)	0.58 (0.39, 0.78)	0.46 (0.31, 0.52)	0.35 (0.08, 0.45)
DSM-5 alcohol use disordera	0.52 (0.40, 0.65)	0.48 (0.37, 0.59)	0.30 (0.08, 0.39)	0.42 (0.32, 0.46)
DSM-IV AUD symptom countb	0.49c (0.41, 0.56)	0.51 (0.44, 0.59)	0.41d (0.38, 0.43)	0.25 (0.17, 0.31)
Women
DSM-IV alcohol dependencea	0.54 (0.36, 0.72)	0.46 (0.28, 0.64)	0.39 (0.16, 0.48)	0.25 (−0.18, 0.40)
DSM-5 alcohol use disordera	0.47 (0.35, 0.58)	0.54 (0.43, 0.65)	0.28 (0.04, 0.37)	0.27 (0.01, 0.37)
DSM-IV AUD symptom countb	0.38c (0.31, 0.44)	0.66 (0.56, 0.69)	0.29d (0.24, 0.34)	0.20 (0.11, 0.26)

Note:

^aUsing categorical 1+ symptom phenotype of disordered gambling;

^busing continuous disordered gambling phenotype, 95% confidence intervals are in parentheses.

^cParameter estimate differed for men and women, Δχ² = 8.72, df = 1, p = .003.

^dParameter estimate differed for men and women, Δχ² = 13.82, df = 1, p = .0002.