Table 7.

Summary of the results from ‘ intervention fidelity ’ studies included in the review (n = 33 studies)

Barriers	Strategies
Concerns regarding: Randomisation, i.e., not getting treatment Loss of control (re: allocation) Mistrust	• Ensuring minimal standard of care for control group or minimal intervention for controls [29,40] or alternatives to randomised controlled trials [27].
	• Use trusted sources of information (e.g. doctor or family) [87].
	• Participant education regarding the benefits of randomisation [73].
	• Including peers and locals in intervention delivery [20,55,58,82,105,108,124].
Health intervention not culturally appropriate (with community values and beliefs)	• Community involvement in development, action research method or ‘cultural immersion’ [27,29,31,35,56,67,70,71],[74,77,80,85,107,108,113,114],[118,122].
	• Culturally tailored programs [19,29,52,58,68-70,85,88,118].
Distance for delivery of intervention (rural groups)	• Group-delivered (one-on-one) telephone intervention [88].
Negative framing of health information, emphasis on disparities	• Positive and progress emphasised in health information [37]*.

*Indicates good evidence from randomised controlled trial (see also Table 1).