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. 2014 Apr 3;9(4):e93764. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093764

Figure 1. Pine knot extract (PKE) and its polyphenols inhibit the proliferation of PC-3M-luc2 prostate cancer cells.

Figure 1

A) Cells were treated with PKE or a mixture of its main lignans and stilbenoids (LS mixture) for 48 hours. B) Cells were treated with individual PKE derived compounds for 48 hours. Cell proliferation rate expressed as percent of control was measured with BrdU assay. The data are means of three independent experiments ± SEM. Statistical significance was determined by non-parametric t-test for each treatment in comparison to respective vehicle treatment (Ctrl). *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001.