Figure 2. Schematic representation of hypothetical nuclear reorientation models. Forces exerted and transmitted by the cell cytoskeleton (black arrows) are transferred to the nucleus through LINC complex (not shown) to induce nucleus rotation and reorientation (red arrows). (A and B) Microtubules induce nuclear reorientation by forces exerted by microtubule-associated motor protein dynein. (A) Dynein pulls at the tips and alongside of microtubules to induce MTOC re-positioning close to the cell center (yellow arrow). Because MTOC associates with the nucleus, MTOC movement also induces nucleus reorientation (red arrows). (B) Dynein, through its interactions with nesprins, links microtubules to the nuclear envelope and pulls the nucleus as a huge cargo toward minus end of microtubules mediating nuclear reorientation. The asymmetric distribution of microtubules associated with nucleus is required to induce torque on the nucleus. (C) Actin cap fibers reorientate the nucleus. Actin cap fibers emanating from the focal adhesions at the leading edge associate with LINC complex at the nuclear envelope, predominantly at one pole of the nucleus. Nuclear reorientation is induced by actomyosin contractile forces between the leading edge and the nucleus.