Table 1. The distributions of demographical characteristics in 561 controls and 599 patients with oral cancer.

Variable	Controls (N = 561)	Patients (N = 599)	p value
Age (yrs)	Mean ± S.D.	Mean ± S.D.
	51.81±14.71	54.34±11.28	p = 0.001*
Gender	n (%)	n (%)
Male	457 (81.5%)	577 (96.3%)
Female	104 (18.5%)	22 (3.7%)	p<0.0001*
Betel nut chewing
No	468 (83.4%)	140 (23.4%)
Yes	93 (16.6%)	459 (76.6%)	p<0.0001*
Alcohol consumption
No	347 (61.9%)	243 (40.6%)
Yes	214 (38.1%)	356 (59.4%)	p<0.0001*
Tobacco consumption
No	341 (60.8%)	88 (14.7%)
Yes	220 (39.2%)	511 (85.3%)	p<0.0001*

Mann-Whitney U test or Fisher’s exact test was used between healthy controls and patients with oral cancer.

*p value <0.05 as statistically significant.