Table 3. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of oral cancer associated with CD44 genotypic frequencies and betel nut chewing among 731 smokers.
| Variable | Controls (n = 220) (%) | Patients (n = 511) (%) | OR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) |
| rs1425802 | ||||
| aAA genotype & non-betel nut chewing | 65 (29.5%) | 30 (5.9%) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| bAG or GG genotype or betel nut chewing | 109 (49.5%) | 191 (37.4%) | 3.797 (2.320–6.212) | 5.443 (2.919–10.148) |
| cAG or GG genotype with betel nut chewing | 46 (20.9%) | 290 (56.8%) | 13.659 (8.017–23.272) | 21.205 (10.901–41.248) |
| rs187115 | ||||
| aAA genotype & non-betel nut chewing | 107 (48.6%) | 44 (8.6%) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| bAG or GG genotype or betel nut chewing | 90 (40.9%) | 277 (54.2%) | 7.485 (4.898–11.437) | 10.519 (6.154–17.979) |
| cAG or GG genotype with betel nut chewing | 23 (10.5%) | 190 (37.2%) | 20.089 (11.507–35.070) | 37.631 (18.366–77.106) |
| rs713330 | ||||
| aTT genotype & non-betel nut chewing | 129 (58.6%) | 67 (13.1%) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| bTC or CC genotype or betel nut chewing | 82 (37.3%) | 376 (73.6%) | 8.829 (6.039–12.906) | 11.144 (6.923–17.937) |
| cTC or CC genotype with betel nut chewing | 9 (4.1%) | 68 (13.3%) | 14.547 (6.836–30.959) | 23.333 (9.461–57.544) |
| rs11821102 | ||||
| aGG genotype & non-betel nut chewing | 124 (56.4%) | 69 (13.5%) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| bGA or AA genotype or betel nut chewing | 84 (38.2%) | 394 (77.1%) | 8.429 (5.782–12.289) | 13.055 (7.984–21.348) |
| cGA or AA genotype with betel nut chewing | 12 (5.5%) | 48 (9.4%) | 7.188 (3.578–14.443) | 10.295 (4.400–24.087) |
| rs10836347 | ||||
| aCC genotype & non-betel nut chewing | 133 (60.5%) | 68 (13.3%) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| bCT or TT genotype or betel nut chewing | 79 (35.9%) | 388 (75.9%) | 9.606 (6.574–14.038) | 13.455 (8.292–21.832) |
| cCT or TT genotype with betel nut chewing | 8 (3.6%) | 55 (10.8%) | 13.447 (6.059–29.840) | 16.160 (6.354–41.097) |
| rs13347 | ||||
| aCC genotype & non-betel nut chewing | 73 (33.2%) | 36 (7.0%) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| bCT or TT genotype or betel nut chewing | 116 (52.7%) | 251 (49.1%) | 4.388 (2.782–6.921) | 5.703 (3.203–10.156) |
| cCT or TT genotype with betel nut chewing | 31 (14.1%) | 224 (43.8%) | 14.652 (8.470–25.348) | 24.714 (12.331–49.531) |
The odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals were estimated by logistic regression models.
The adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with their 95% confidence intervals were estimated by multiple logistic regression models after controlling for age, gender and alcohol consumption.
a
Individual with wild genotype but without betel nut chewing.
b
Individual with either at least one mutated genotype or betel nut chewing.
c
Individual with both at least one mutated genotype and betel nut chewing.