Figure 5. Pst-induced γ-H2AX accumulation during salicylic acid signaling and perception.

(A) Wild-type Arabidopsis Col-0 plants were pretreated with H₂O (W) or 1 mM SA for 1 day and then vacuum-inoculated with Pst DC3000 at a concentration of 1×10⁶ cfu/ml. The level of γ-H2AX was assessed at 1 and 3 days postinoculation by immunoblot using anti-γ-H2AX antibody. (B) Wild-type Col-0 and Col-0 npr1 mutant plants were spray-inoculated with Pst DC3000 at a concentration of 1×10⁷ cfu/ml. The level of γ-H2AX was assessed at 2, 4 and 8 h postinoculation. (C) Arabidopsis Col-0 and Col-0 cpr5 mutant plants were vacuum-inoculated with Pst DC3000 at a concentration of 1×10⁷ cfu/ml. The level of γ-H2AX was assessed at 0, 4 and 8 h postinoculation by immunoblot using anti-γ-H2AX antibody. Results with both shorter and longer exposure times were shown. (D) Arabidopsis Col-0, eds1, pad4 and sid2 plants were vacuum-inoculated with Pst DC3000 at a concentration of 1×10⁷ cfu/ml. The level of γ-H2AX was assessed at 0, 4 and 8 h postinoculation by immunoblot using anti-γ-H2AX antibody. Equivalent loading of lanes was verified using Ponceau S stain. Similar results were obtained in two additional experiments.