Secondary torques associated with the primary torque direction task of elbow flexion, with standard error bars. A significant effect of group-limb was found in the shoulder (F=6.550, p<0.001), wrist (F=4.468, p=0.001) and fingers (F=4.179, p=0.002). Significant post-hoc comparisons, where p<0.05, are shown with red bars above the graph. Also shown are muscles colored to represent percentages of maximal EMG activity where differences were found between groups. These muscles include anterior deltoid (Kruskal-Wallis, H=14.685, p=0.023), triceps brachii long head (Kruskal-Wallis, H=13.562, p=0.035), and combined wrist and finger flexors (ANOVA, F=3.192, p=0.009).