Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2013 Aug 1;28(1):24–35. doi: 10.1177/1545968313497829

Table 1.

Significant coupling patterns by groupa

1° 2° PRE
PERI
POST
TD
P NP P NP P NP
SB E 0.023 (F) 0.038 (F) 0.032 (F) 0.063 <0.001 (F) <0.001 (F) 0.024 (F)
W 0.366 0.667 0.912 0.318 0.015 (F) 0.502 0.216
F 0.866 0.684 0.127 0.219 0.039 (F) 0.333 0.111
SD E 0.209 0.799 0.176 0.193 0.032 (E) 0.001 (E) 0.015 (E)
W 0.003 (F) 0.945 0.008 (F) 0.478 0.022 (F) 0.088 0.311
F 0.003 (F) 0.697 0.009 (F) 0.528 0.024 (F) 0.242 0.899
EF S 0.364 0.064 0.224 0.004 (D) 0.010 (B) 0.216 0.135
W <0.001 (F) 0.580 0.071 0.043 (F) <0.001 (F) 0.024 (F) 0.001 (F)
F <0.001 (F) 0.888 0.058 0.094 0.002 (F) 0.069 0.120
EE S 0.561 0.026 (B) 0.281 0.063 <0.001 (D) 0.575 0.799
W 0.070 0.118 0.195 0.690 0.681 0.405 0.149
F 0.721 0.125 0.226 0.978 0.302 0.608 0.597
WF S 0.063 0.464 0.005 (D) 0.199 0.003 (D) 0.134 0.011 (D)
E 0.098 0.353 0.290 0.435 0.161 0.111 0.744
F <0.001 (F) 0.001 (F) <0.001 (F) <0.001 (F) 0.039 (F) 0.005 (F) <0.001 (F)
WE S 0.002 (B) 0.311 0.104 0.917 0.037 (B) 0.801 0.794
E 0.004 (F) 0.470 0.538 0.618 0.665 0.036 (F) 0.544
F 0.001 (E) 0.001 (E) 0.007 (E) <0.001 (E) 0.013 (E) 0.001 (E) <0.001 (E)
FF S 0.015 (D) 0.089 0.055 0.956 0.005 (D) 0.594 0.570
E 0.080 0.172 0.583 0.113 0.037 (E) 0.995 0.133
W 0.003 (F) <0.001 (F) 0.001 (F) <0.001 (F) 0.006 (F) <0.001 (F) <0.001 (F)
FE S 0.009 (B) 0.116 0.021 (B) 0.224 0.229 0.093 0.179
E 0.250 0.564 0.187 0.849 0.649 0.091 0.946
W <0.001 (E) 0.001 (E) 0.003 (E) <0.001 (E) 0.180 <0.001 (E) <0.001 (E)
a

CH groups’ arms are shown individually (P = paretic, NP = nonparetic), and both arms of the TD group are combined. Primary tasks (1°) are listed in the left column (SB = shoulder abduction, SD = shoulder adduction, EF = elbow flexion, EE = elbow extension, WF = wrist flexion, WE = wrist extension, FF = finger flexion, FE = finger extension). Each primary task has 3 secondary joint torques associated with it, which are listed in the second column (S = shoulder, E = elbow, W = wrist, F = fingers). Data were tested for a difference from zero using a Student’s t test, and comparisons that reached a significant level of P < .05 are highlighted in gray. For significant findings, the direction of the secondary torque is indicated in parentheses (B = abduction, D = adduction, F = flexion, E = extension).