Table 2.

Results of Multinomial Logistic Regression Model

	Rhythm control versus rate control		Nonpharmacotherapy versus rate control
	RRR	95% CI	RRR	95% CI
Gender (Ref: Female)
Male	1.15	0.84–1.58	1.67	1.27–2.20
Age group (Ref: 18–54)
55–64	1.36	0.89–2.10	1.27	0.89–1.80
65–79	0.95	0.61–1.48	0.97	0.68–1.38
≥80	0.72	0.42–1.23	0.48	0.30–0.77
Region (Ref: East)
Mid-west	1.82	1.09–3.04	1.39	0.97–2.00
South	2.08	1.25–3.46	0.94	0.64–1.39
West	1.96	1.09–3.52	1.45	0.94–2.24
Comorbidity
Stroke	1.04	0.61–1.77	0.47	0.27–0.84
Hypertension	0.85	0.63–1.17	0.80	0.62–1.04
Diabetes	0.87	0.56–1.37	1.18	0.84–1.66
MI	1.14	0.79–1.63	1.23	0.92–1.65
CHF	1.09	0.72–1.67	1.72	1.25–2.37
Index year of AF diagnosis (Ref: 1999)
2000	0.83	0.16–4.33	1.03	0.20–5.32
2001	0.49	0.11–2.13	0.40	0.09–1.92
2002	0.56	0.13–2.40	1.35	0.32–5.62
2003	0.76	0.16–3.53	1.44	0.32–6.50
2004	0.72	0.17–3.01	1.52	0.37–6.27
2005	0.79	0.19–3.20	1.74	0.43–7.08
2006	0.71	0.18–2.81	1.33	0.33–5.36
2007	0.59	0.15–2.36	1.56	0.39–6.22
2008	0.62	0.16–2.43	1.24	0.31–4.91

Abbreviations: CHF, congestive heart failure; MI, myocardial infarction; RRR, relative risk ratio; CI, confidence interval; AF, atrial fibrillation.