Table 5.
Factors associated with vulnerable plaque in patients with and without DM
| |
Without DM (n = 334) |
With DM (n = 122) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Factor | Odds ratio (95% CI) | p | Odds ratio (95% CI) | p |
| Age (per year) |
1.04 (1.01–1.07) |
<0.01 |
1.02 (0.99–1.07) |
0.22 |
| Male sex |
5.11 (2.20–11.85) |
<0.01 |
1.86 (0.72–4.82) |
0.20 |
| Hypertension |
1.61 (0.83–3.11) |
0.16 |
1.64 (0.60–4.46) |
0.34 |
| Dyslipidemia |
1.42 (0.74–2.71) |
0.28 |
1.25 (0.51–3.07) |
0.62 |
| Current smoking |
3.16 (1.61–6.20) |
<0.01 |
0.76 (0.26–2.23) |
0.61 |
| Total cholesterola |
0.80 (0.02–30.28) |
0.90 |
0.10 (0.001–21.32) |
0.40 |
| Triglyceridesa |
2.39 (0.64–8.87) |
0.19 |
2.48 (0.39–15.87) |
0.34 |
| HDL-cholesterola |
0.025 (0.001–0.49) |
0.02 |
0.43 (0.016–11.25) |
0.61 |
| LDL-cholesterola |
6.50 (0.44–96.74) |
0.17 |
0.13 (0.003–4.84) |
0.27 |
| Hemoglobin A1c |
1.86 (0.88–3.91) |
0.10 |
1.02 (0.78–1.33) |
0.90 |
| High sensitivity CRPa |
1.04 (0.50-2.18) |
0.91 |
1.36 (0.52-3.55) |
0.53 |
| VAT T1 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
| VAT T2 |
3.28 (1.15–9.36) |
0.03 |
1.26 (0.46–3.48) |
0.65 |
| VAT T3 |
5.54 (2.02–15.18) |
<0.01 |
0.84 (0.29–2.44) |
0.74 |
| Antihypertensive agents |
1.29 (0.68–2.46) |
0.43 |
0.97 (0.40–2.35) |
0.95 |
| Lipid-lowering agents |
1.34 (0.66–2.71) |
0.41 |
1.63 (0.70–3.80) |
0.26 |
| Hypoglycemic agents | Not available | 1.09 (0.44–2.68) | 0.85 | |
The VAT area data were divided into tertiles (T) as described in the Methods.
aValues were log-transformed before analysis.
DM, diabetes mellitus; CI, confidence interval; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; VAT, visceral adipose tissue.