Table 1.
Characteristics of the study population
|
Characteristics |
PAC |
ARR |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Tertile | 2. Tertile | 3. Tertile | 1. Tertile | 2. Tertile | 3. Tertile | |
| Men, % |
46.2 |
48.1 |
46.5 |
47.0 |
46.8 |
46.9 |
| Age, years |
48 (38–60) |
46 (37–59) |
44 (36–55)†,‡ |
45 (37–56) |
45 (35–57) |
48 (39–60)†,‡ |
| Current smokers, % |
30.2 |
34.1 |
37.9† |
35.9 |
34.7 |
32.0 |
| Diabetes mellitus, % |
3.7 |
2.4 |
3.5 |
3.6 |
2.8 |
3.1 |
| Waist circumference, cm |
87.2 (78.1-96.5) |
87.5 (79.0-97.0) |
89.0 (79.0-99.0)† |
87.0 (78.1-96.5) |
87.1 (78.5-97.0) |
90.1 (80.1-98.8)†,‡ |
| Systolic BP, mmHg |
126.0 (115.0-137.5) |
127.0 (115.5-139.0) |
126.0 (115.5-138.0) |
123.5 (114.0-136.0) |
126.0 (115.0-137.0) |
129.5 (117.0-140.5)†,‡ |
| Diastolic BP mmHg |
80.0 (74.0-86.5) |
80.5 (74.5-87.5) |
81.0 (74.5-89.0)† |
79.0 (73.5-85.3) |
80.0 (74.0-87.0) |
82.5 (76.0-89.5)†,‡ |
| Triglycerides, mmol/l |
1.24 (0.83-1.93) |
1.35 (0.92-2.04)* |
1.36 (0.90-2.02)† |
1.27 (0.85-1.93) |
1.27 (0.86-1.96) |
1.40 (0.95-2.14)†,‡ |
| PAC, ng/l |
21.0 (14.0-26.0) |
42.0 (36.0-48.0)* |
75.0 (61.0-98.0)†,‡ |
23.0 (15.0-36.0) |
44.0 (32.0-59.0)* |
61.0 (45.0-88.0)†,‡ |
| PRC, ng/l |
6.6 (4.4-9.8) |
7.6 (5.0-11.0)* |
9.3 (6.2-14.3)†,‡ |
10.3 (6.9-14.8) |
8.4 (5.9-11.6)* |
5.5 (3.8-7.8)†,‡ |
| ARR |
2.7 (1.8-4.3) |
5.4 (3.8-8.2)* |
8.4 (5.8-12.6)†,‡ |
2.5 (1.8-3.1) |
5.2 (4.5-6.3)* |
10.5 (8.5-14.2)†,‡ |
| eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m2 | 89.1 (78.3-101.9) | 88.0 (76.6-101.1) | 87.5 (76.8-99.2)† | 91.1 (79.1-104.3) | 89.8 (77.9-101.1) | 84.5 (75.5-95.8)†,‡ |
ARR, aldosterone-to-renin ratio; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; PAC, plasma aldosterone concentration; PRC, plasma renin concentration.
Data are presented as median (1st-3rd quartile) for continuous variables and as proportion for categorical variables.
*p < 0.05, 1st vs. 2nd tertile; †p < 0.05 1st vs. 3rd tertile; ‡p < 0.05 2nd vs. 3rd tertile. Group differences were tested with χ2tests (categorical variables) or Kruskal-Wallis tests (continuous variables).