. 2007 Jul;18(5):282–289.

Table 1. Mean (95% CI) Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors In African Men In Transition.

Risk factor (means and 95% confidence interval)	Deep rural	Farm workers	Squatter camps	Urban	Upper urban
Numbers (n)	175	100	119	207	54
Age (years)	42.4^ab	36.1^c	35.5^a	37.6^b	31.0^bc
Age (years)	40.1−44.7	33.1−39.1	32.7−38.2	35.5−39.6	26.9−35.1
Serum lipids (mmol/l)
Total cholesterol	4.0^a	4.0^b	3.8^c	4.0^d	4.6^abcd
Total cholesterol	3.8-4.1	3.8−4.2	3.6−4.0	3.9−4.1	4.3−4.9
HDL cholesterol	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2
HDL cholesterol	1.2−1.3	1.1−1.2	1.1−1.3	1.2−1.3	1.1−1.3
LDL cholesterol	2.4^a	2.4^b	2.2^c	2.4^d	2.9^abcd
LDL cholesterol	2.2−2.5	2.2−2.5	2.0−2.3	2.2−2.5	2.7−3.2
Triglycerides	1.2	1.2	1.1^a	1.2	1.4^a
Triglycerides	1.1−1.3	1.0−1.3	0.9−1.2	1.1−1.3	1.2−1.6
Fasting serum glucose (mmol/l)	5.0^a	4.7^b	4.9^c	4.9^d	4.2^abcd
Fasting serum glucose (mmol/l)	4.8−5.1	4.5−5.0	4.7−5.1	4.7−5.1	3.8−4.5
Plasma fibrinogen (g/l)	3.0^ab	3.4^ac	3.2^b	3.1^c	3.2
Plasma fibrinogen (g/l)	2.8−3.1	3.2−3.6	3.0−3.4	2.9−3.2	2.9−3.4
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	125^ab	125^cd	131^ace	128^bdf	122^ef
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	122−127	121−127	128−134	126−131	117−126
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	75^ab	76^c	80^ac	77	79^b
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	74−77	73−78	76−82	76−79	76−82
Body mass index (kg/m²)	20.9^a	20.5^b	20.2^ce	21.3^cd	22.7^abde
Body mass index (kg/m²)	20.3−21.4	19.8−21.3	19.6−20.9	20.6−21.8	21.8−23.7

^a,b,c,… Means with the same symbol differ significantly (p ≤ 0.05; pairwise comparisons, GLM, ANOVA).