Table 2.
Prevalence, unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios comparing self-reported asthma, rhinitis and eczema in school aged children from rural and urban areas
| |
Urban |
Rural |
Crude OR |
Adj. OR |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | 95% CI b | 95% CI b,c | |
|
ASTHMA SYMPTOMS | ||||||
| Written questionnaire (N = 2340) | ||||||
| Wheeze (ever) |
470 |
27.4 |
214 |
34.9 |
0.7 (0.4-1.9) |
0.7 (0.4-1.9) |
| Wheeze (12 months prevalence) |
281 |
16.4 |
133 |
21.7 |
0.6 (0.4-1.9) |
0.6 (0.4-1.9) |
| Severe asthmaa (12 months prevalence) |
158 |
9.2 |
76 |
12.4 |
0.7 (0.4-1.9) |
0.7 (0.5-1.9) |
| Video questionnaire (N = 2300) | ||||||
| Wheezing (12 months prevalence) |
124 |
7.3 |
24 |
3.9 |
2.3 (1.1-2.7) |
2.1 (1.0-2.6) |
| Exercise-induced wheeze (12 months prevalence) |
323 |
19.2 |
80 |
13.1 |
1.7 (0.9-2.4) |
1.7 (0.9-2.4) |
| Dyspnoea at rest (12 months prevalence) |
68 |
4 |
17 |
2.8 |
1.8 (0.7-3.1) |
1.7 (0.7-3.2) |
|
RHINITIS SYMPTOMS (N = 2327) | ||||||
| Rhinitis (ever) |
715 |
41.7 |
255 |
41.6 |
1.0 (0.7-1.6) |
1.0 (0.7-1.6) |
| Rhinitis (12 months prevalence) |
490 |
28.6 |
175 |
28.5 |
1.0 (0.7-1.6) |
1.0 (0.8-1.6) |
| Rhinoconjunctivitisd (12 months prevalence) |
369 |
21.5 |
147 |
24.0 |
0.8 (0.6-1.8) |
0.8 (0.6-1.8) |
| Severe Rhinoconjunctivitise (12 months prevalence) |
43 |
2.5 |
6 |
1.0 |
2.6 (1.1-7.8) |
2.8 (1.2-6.6) |
|
ECZEMA SYMPTOMS (N = 2303) | ||||||
| Itchy rash (ever) |
339 |
20 |
123 |
20.1 |
1.0 (0.7-1.7) |
1.0 (0.7-1.7) |
| Itchy rash (12 months prevalence) |
203 |
12.0 |
56 |
9.2 |
1.4 (0.9-1.8) |
1.4 (1.0-1.8) |
| Eczemaf (12 months prevalence) |
161 |
9.5 |
52 |
8.5 |
1.1 (0.7-1.8) |
1.2 (0.8-1.8) |
| Severe Eczemag (12 months prevalence) | 27 | 1.6 | 3 | 0.5 | 3.3 (1.0-10.9) | 3.3 (1.0-11.0) |
a ≥ 4 attacks of wheeze or woken by wheeze on one or more nights per week or wheezing severe enough to limit speech to only one or two words at a time, between breaths.
bReference category: rural.
cAdjusted by age.
dPresence of sneezing or a runny or blocked nose, accompanied by itchy watery eyes without a cold or the flu.
eRhinoconjunctivitis symptoms interfering with daily activities (a lot).
fPresence of an itchy rash at any time in the past 12 months affecting the following places: the folds of the elbows; behind the knees; in front of the ankles; under the buttocks; or around the neck, ears, or eyes).
gSleep disturbed by rash in the last 12 months in children with eczema symptoms (one or more nights per week).