Table 2.
Marginal Effect of Casino Transfers on Obesity and Overweight Status at Ages 19 and 21: Ordinary Least Squares and Probit Regressions
| Variables | OLS BMI at age 19 (1) |
OLS BMI at age 19 (2) |
OLS BMI at age 21 (3) |
OLS BMI at age 21 (4) |
Probit obese at age 19? (5) |
Probit obese at age 19? (6) |
Probit obese at age 21? (7) |
Probit obese at age 21? (8) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age cohort 1 × number of AI parents × average HH income | – | – | ||||||
| −0.637** | −0.635* | −0.0284** | −0.0444*** | |||||
| (0.269) | (0.327) | (0.0125) | (0.0167) | |||||
| Age cohort 2 × number of AI parents × average HH income | −0.0254 | 0.0446 | 0.00513 | 0.00295 | ||||
| (0.233) | (0.277) | (0.0117) | (0.0169) | |||||
| Age cohort 1 × number of American Indian parents | −0.624 | 3.033* | −1.105 | 2.813 | −0.0244 | 0.119 | −0.0525 | 0.175* |
| (1.000) | (1.777) | (1.196) | (2.092) | (0.0411) | (0.0755) | (0.0513) | (0.102) | |
| Age cohort 2 × number of American Indian parents | 0.168 | 0.248 | 1.042 | 0.888 | 0.0100 | −0.0225 | 0.0157 | −0.0126 |
| (0.981) | (1.797) | (1.144) | (2.078) | (0.0426) | (0.0753) | (0.0543) | (0.104) | |
| Age cohort 1 × average HH income | 0.219 | 0.520*** | 0.0125 | 0.0258* | ||||
| (0.172) | (0.184) | (0.0103) | (0.0138) | |||||
| Age cohort 2 × average HH income | −0.0401 | 0.178 | −0.0121 | −0.00725 | ||||
| (0.153) | (0.178) | (0.0102) | (0.0142) | |||||
| AI parents and average HH income | −0.0694 | −0.132 | 0.00450 | 0.00147 | ||||
| (0.181) | (0.232) | (0.00865) | (0.0123) | |||||
| Average HH income | −0.157** | −0.179 | −0.0543 | −0.276** | −0.0120*** | −0.0118 | −0.00818 | −0.0166 |
| (0.0682) | (0.113) | (0.0786) | (0.128) | (0.00437) | (0.00775) | (0.00564) | (0.0111) | |
| Age cohort 1 (13 yo) | 1.461** | 0.0300 | 1.239* | −2.287 | 0.0380 | −0.0422 | 0.0596 | −0.102 |
| (0.705) | (1.488) | (0.744) | (1.571) | (0.0470) | (0.0708) | (0.0540) | (0.0926) | |
| Age cohort 2 (15 yo) | 0.278 | 0.569 | 0.687 | −0.583 | −0.0102 | 0.0657 | 0.0189 | 0.0743 |
| (0.649) | (1.524) | (0.728) | (1.708) | (0.0428) | (0.0890) | (0.0570) | (0.120) | |
| Number of AI parents | −0.748 | 0.547 | −1.228 | 0.562 | −0.0379 | −0.0488 | −0.0952* | −0.0673 |
| (0.825) | (1.415) | (1.106) | (1.666) | (0.0379) | (0.0614) | (0.0498) | (0.0824) | |
| American Indian race | 5.729*** | 3.906*** | 6.050*** | 3.754*** | 0.331*** | 0.283*** | 0.424*** | 0.311*** |
| (0.983) | (0.863) | (1.190) | (1.035) | (0.0803) | (0.0795) | (0.0842) | (0.0797) | |
| Sex | 0.630 | 0.566 | 0.571 | 0.493 | 0.0145 | 0.0130 | 0.0508 | 0.0492 |
| (0.554) | (0.560) | (0.610) | (0.614) | (0.0329) | (0.0317) | (0.0399) | (0.0395) | |
| Mother has a high school diploma | 0.374 | 0.261 | 0.505 | 0.297 | 0.00266 | −0.00236 | −0.00105 | −0.00869 |
| (1.453) | (1.442) | (1.550) | (1.552) | (0.0574) | (0.0553) | (0.0692) | (0.0676) | |
| Mother has some college or more | −0.661 | −0.848 | −1.785 | −2.019 | −0.0346 | −0.0451 | −0.135* | −0.140* |
| (1.420) | (1.414) | (1.519) | (1.534) | (0.0596) | (0.0590) | (0.0770) | (0.0777) | |
| Average labor force participation of mother | −0.358 | −0.338 | 0.655 | 0.566 | −0.0285 | −0.0315 | 0.0693 | 0.0643 |
| (0.882) | (0.879) | (0.934) | (0.885) | (0.0544) | (0.0521) | (0.0697) | (0.0660) | |
| Constant | 25.65*** | 25.99*** | 25.48*** | 27.42*** | ||||
| (1.602) | (1.829) | (1.685) | (2.001) | |||||
| Observations | 921 | 921 | 913 | 913 | 920 | 920 | 912 | 912 |
Notes Robust standard errors in parentheses. Household income is a categorical variable where each bin is $5,000 in size. The lowest category, for instance, goes from 0 to $5,000. The second bin goes from $5,001 to $10,000, etc. The first four regressions are ordinary least squares. The final four regressions are probit regressions with marginal effects presented in the table above.
***
Significant at the 1 percent level.
**
Significant at the 5 percent level.
*
Significant at the 10 percent level.