Table 1.

Variables, the response types used, and the sources of the questions used

Variables		Response type	Sources
Traffic safety
Home neighborhood environment
(1)	Availability and quality of sidewalks	Rating scale (Likert)	[32,33,37]
(2)	Safe road crossings	Rating scale (Likert)	[32,33,37]
(3)	Observance of other people walking or bicycling	Rating scale (Likert)	[32,33,37]
En-route environment
(4)	Availability of sidewalks/pathways	Rating scale (Likert)	[31]
(5)	Safety at intersections/crossings	Rating scale (Likert)	[31]
(6)	Crossing guards; and the amount/speed of traffic	Rating scale (Likert)	[31]
School environment
(7)	Availability and quality of sidewalks	Rating scale (Likert)	[31]
(8)	Availability and quality of bike lanes/paths and bike racks	Rating scale (Likert)	[31]
(9)	Trees along the streets; and safe road crossings.	Rating scale (Likert)	[31]
Personal Safety
Home neighborhood environment
(10)	Safety of their child to walk or bike	Rating scale (Likert)	[33,37]
(11)	Personal sense of fear when walking outside alone after dark	Rating scale (Likert)	[33,37]
En-route environment
(12)	Availability of adults or other children to walk with	Rating scale (Likert)	[31]
(13)	Violence or crime (e.g. Bullying/gangs)	Rating scale (Likert)	[31]
(14)	And stray or dangerous animals	Rating scale (Likert)	[31]
School environment
(15)	Attractive buildings or natural things to see	Rating scale (Likert)	[31]
(16)	Abandoned houses or vacant lots	Rating scale (Likert)	[31]
(17)	Condoms and drug-related paraphernalia	Rating scale (Likert)	[31]
(18)	Well-maintained homes/apartments and gardens	Rating scale (Likert)	[31]
(19)	Other people who walk/bike	Rating scale (Likert)	[31]
Potential Covariates
Socio-demographic status
(20)	Government public assistance	Binary response	[38,39]
(21)	Respondent’s highest level of education	Multiple options	[38,39]
(22)	The family car-ownership status	Multiple options	[40]
Acculturation
(23)	The language parents spoke in “most of the time”	Multiple options	[41]
(24)	The language parents thought in “most of the time”	Multiple options	[41]
(25)	Parents reported if child's grandparents were born in the US	Binary response	[41]
(26)	Parents reported if they were born in the US	Binary response	[41]
(27)	Parents reported if their children were born in the US	Binary response	[41]
Medical condition
(28)	Medical conditions that limit physical activity for parents	Binary response	[38,39]
(29)	Medical conditions that limit physical activity for child	Binary response	[38,39]
(30)	Child has asthma	Binary response
(31)	If asthma, is it well controlled	Binary response
School policy
(32)	Teachers encouraged students to walk/bike to school	Binary response
(33)	Schools had a walking school bus program	Binary response
(34)	Child’s school encouraged or discouraged walk/bike to school	Rating scale (Likert)
Social capital: civic engagement
(35)	Voted in an election (local, state, or national)	Binary response	[35,36]
(36)	Written or called a government official about community issue	Binary response	[35,36]
(37)	Attended a meeting of any government body	Binary response	[35,36]
(38)	Volunteered at the child’s school	Binary response	[35,36]
(39)	Volunteered for any community organization	Binary response	[35,36]
Social capital: social integration
(40)	People in my community work together to resolve problems	Rating scale (Likert)	[36]
(41)	People in my community are only out for themselves	Rating scale (Likert)	[36]
(42)	A small group of people has all the power in my community	Rating scale (Likert)	[36]
(43)	I feel like an outsider in my community	Rating scale (Likert)	[36]
(44)	There is nothing I can do to solve problems in my community	Rating scale (Likert)	[36]