Table 3.
Relationships between traffic safety and walking to school
| |
Unadjusted |
Adjusted† |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 830 | OR | 95% CI | p | N = 830 | OR | 95% CI | p | ||||
|
Traffic safety (home) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sidewalks on most of neighborhood streets |
824 |
|
|
|
|
|
754 |
|
|
|
|
| No |
|
1.00 |
Ref. |
|
|
<.001 |
|
1.00 |
Ref. |
|
<.001 |
| Yes, a few |
|
1.83 |
1.12 |
- |
2.99 |
|
|
1.87 |
1.11 |
3.16 |
|
| Yes, many |
|
2.38 |
1.53 |
- |
3.71 |
|
|
2.69 |
1.66 |
4.35 |
|
|
Sidewalks in neighborhood well maintained |
700 |
|
|
|
|
|
634 |
|
|
|
|
| No |
|
1.00 |
Ref. |
|
|
.029 |
|
1.00 |
Ref. |
|
.005 |
| Yes, a few |
|
1.47 |
0.90 |
- |
2.39 |
|
|
1.68 |
0.99 |
2.86 |
|
| Yes, many |
|
1.88 |
1.17 |
- |
3.02 |
|
|
2.20 |
1.30 |
3.71 |
|
|
Safe road crossings in your neighborhood |
774 |
|
|
|
|
|
708 |
|
|
|
|
| No |
|
1.00 |
Ref. |
|
|
.001 |
|
1.00 |
Ref. |
|
<.001 |
| Yes, a few |
|
1.84 |
1.16 |
- |
2.91 |
|
|
1.95 |
1.19 |
3.19 |
|
| Yes, many |
|
2.50 |
1.51 |
- |
4.13 |
|
|
2.61 |
1.51 |
4.49 |
|
|
People walk/bike in your neighborhood |
812 |
|
|
|
|
|
743 |
|
|
|
|
| No |
|
1.00 |
Ref. |
|
|
.356 |
|
1.00 |
Ref. |
|
.001 |
| Yes, a few |
|
1.35 |
0.66 |
- |
2.74 |
|
|
1.45 |
0.68 |
3.08 |
|
| Yes, many |
|
1.62 |
0.78 |
- |
3.35 |
|
|
1.82 |
0.83 |
4.00 |
|
|
Traffic safety (en-route) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Always a problem |
|
1.00 |
Ref. |
|
|
<.001 |
|
1.00 |
Ref. |
|
<.001 |
| Sometimes a problem |
|
1.68 |
0.99 |
- |
2.83 |
|
|
1.84 |
1.03 |
3.28 |
|
| Not a problem |
|
2.69 |
1.64 |
- |
4.42 |
|
|
2.86 |
1.64 |
4.99 |
|
|
Amount of traffic along route a problem |
800 |
|
|
|
|
|
732 |
|
|
|
|
| Always a problem |
|
1.00 |
Ref. |
|
|
<.001 |
|
1.00 |
Ref. |
|
<.001 |
| Sometimes a problem |
|
2.40 |
1.41 |
- |
4.11 |
|
|
2.72 |
1.51 |
4.87 |
|
| Not a problem |
|
3.66 |
2.17 |
- |
6.17 |
|
|
3.87 |
2.19 |
6.86 |
|
|
Sidewalks or pathways a problem |
795 |
|
|
|
|
|
728 |
|
|
|
|
| Always a problem |
|
1.00 |
Ref. |
|
|
<.001 |
|
1.00 |
Ref. |
|
<.001 |
| Sometimes a problem |
|
1.58 |
0.85 |
- |
2.95 |
|
|
1.62 |
0.84 |
3.12 |
|
| Not a problem |
|
3.35 |
1.99 |
- |
5.66 |
|
|
3.38 |
1.94 |
5.89 |
|
|
Safety at intersections & crossings a problem |
801 |
|
|
|
|
|
736 |
|
|
|
|
| Always a problem |
|
1.00 |
Ref. |
|
|
<.001 |
|
1.00 |
Ref. |
|
<.001 |
| Sometimes a problem |
|
2.89 |
1.52 |
- |
5.49 |
|
|
2.65 |
1.37 |
5.11 |
|
| Not a problem |
|
5.27 |
2.85 |
- |
9.74 |
|
|
4.75 |
2.54 |
8.89 |
|
|
Crossing guards a problem |
792 |
|
|
|
|
|
727 |
|
|
|
|
| Always a problem |
|
1.00 |
Ref. |
|
|
<.001 |
|
1.00 |
Ref. |
|
<.001 |
| Sometimes a problem |
|
2.58 |
1.13 |
- |
5.87 |
|
|
2.41 |
1.04 |
5.62 |
|
| Not a problem |
|
5.17 |
2.45 |
- |
10.89 |
|
|
4.90 |
2.29 |
10.46 |
|
|
Traffic safety (school) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sidewalks on streets near child’s school |
814 |
|
|
|
|
|
745 |
|
|
|
|
| No |
|
1.00 |
Ref. |
|
|
.003 |
|
1.00 |
Ref. |
|
<.001 |
| Yes, a few |
|
1.84 |
1.07 |
- |
3.16 |
|
|
2.05 |
1.14 |
3.67 |
|
| Yes, many |
|
2.41 |
1.41 |
- |
4.10 |
|
|
3.07 |
1.71 |
5.50 |
|
|
Sidewalks well maintained |
736 |
|
|
|
|
|
670 |
|
|
|
|
| No |
|
1.00 |
Ref. |
|
|
.086 |
|
1.00 |
Ref. |
|
<.001 |
| Yes, a few |
|
0.89 |
0.52 |
- |
1.52 |
|
|
1.17 |
0.65 |
2.09 |
|
| Yes, many |
|
1.39 |
0.83 |
- |
2.34 |
|
|
1.88 |
1.06 |
3.35 |
|
|
Trees along streets near school |
796 |
|
|
|
|
|
727 |
|
|
|
|
| No |
|
1.00 |
Ref. |
|
|
.201 |
|
1.00 |
Ref. |
|
.001 |
| Yes, a few |
|
1.52 |
0.90 |
- |
2.56 |
|
|
1.80 |
1.02 |
3.17 |
|
| Yes, many |
|
1.60 |
0.91 |
- |
2.79 |
|
|
2.07 |
1.12 |
3.82 |
|
|
Bike lanes/paths or trails near school |
788 |
|
|
|
|
|
719 |
|
|
|
|
| No |
|
1.00 |
Ref. |
|
|
.061 |
|
1.00 |
Ref. |
|
<.001 |
| Yes, a few |
|
1.56 |
1.04 |
- |
2.36 |
|
|
1.75 |
1.13 |
2.70 |
|
| Yes, many |
|
1.59 |
0.87 |
- |
2.91 |
|
|
1.46 |
0.74 |
2.86 |
|
|
Bike lanes/paths or trails well maintained |
563 |
|
|
|
|
|
510 |
|
|
|
|
| No |
|
1.00 |
Ref. |
|
|
.541 |
|
1.00 |
Ref. |
|
.044 |
| Yes, a few |
|
1.20 |
0.75 |
- |
1.92 |
|
|
1.32 |
0.80 |
2.17 |
|
| Yes, many |
|
1.34 |
0.76 |
- |
2.37 |
|
|
1.43 |
0.76 |
2.68 |
|
|
Bike racks at or near school |
763 |
|
|
|
|
|
699 |
|
|
|
|
| No |
|
1.00 |
Ref. |
|
|
.662 |
|
1.00 |
Ref. |
|
.004 |
| Yes, a few |
|
1.16 |
0.77 |
- |
1.74 |
|
|
1.38 |
0.89 |
2.14 |
|
| Yes, many |
|
1.28 |
0.70 |
- |
2.33 |
|
|
1.40 |
0.72 |
2.72 |
|
|
Safe road crossings |
802 |
|
|
|
|
|
734 |
|
|
|
|
| No |
|
1.00 |
Ref. |
|
|
.047 |
|
1.00 |
Ref. |
|
<.001 |
| Yes, a few |
|
1.86 |
1.11 |
- |
3.13 |
|
|
2.15 |
1.22 |
3.78 |
|
| Yes, many | 1.56 | 0.85 | - | 2.85 | 2.06 | 1.06 | 4.00 | ||||
Regression Analyses - (Unadjusted and Adjusted Odds Ratios): Texas 4th grade students, 2008-2010.
†Adjusted for: Socio-demographic - student's ethnicity, any type of public assistance (family), car ownership (family).
Boldface type indicates there was a significant difference with the reference group at 95 percent confidence interval in the adjusted model.