Table 2.
Kdr and ace-1 genotype and mutation frequency in Anopheles sinensis mosquitoes from Hainan Island, China
|
Insecticide |
Population |
Bioassay* |
N |
Kdr
genotype |
L1014F frequency |
P |
Ace-1
genotype |
G119S frequency |
P |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TTG/TTG | TTG/TTT | (%) | GGC/GGC | GGC/AGC | AGC/AGC | (%) | ||||||
|
0.05% Deltamethrin |
Sanya |
Resistant |
20 |
17 |
3 |
7.5 |
0.041 |
0 |
11 |
9 |
72.5 |
1.000 |
| |
|
Susceptible |
47 |
47 |
0 |
0 |
|
1 |
26 |
20 |
70.2 |
|
| |
Baoting |
Resistant |
15 |
13 |
2 |
6.7 |
0.090 |
2 |
7 |
6 |
63.3 |
0.435 |
| |
|
Susceptible |
48 |
48 |
0 |
0 |
|
10 |
21 |
17 |
57.3 |
|
|
4% DDT |
Sanya |
Resistant |
21 |
17 |
4 |
9.5 |
0.027 |
0 |
13 |
8 |
69.0 |
1.000 |
| |
|
Susceptible |
38 |
38 |
0 |
0 |
|
1 |
20 |
17 |
71.1 |
|
| |
Baoting |
Resistant |
32 |
27 |
5 |
7.8 |
0.024 |
7 |
9 |
16 |
64.1 |
0.238 |
| Susceptible | 46 | 46 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 17 | 16 | 53.3 | ||||
*“Resistant” refers to the mosquitoes that were alive 24 hours after 60-min exposure to the insecticides in the standard WHO tube bioassay; and “susceptible” refers to the mosquitoes that were knocked down within the 24-hr recovery period. Significant p-values (p < 0.05) are given in bold type.