Table 3. Effects of open pollination vs pollinator exclusion treatments, visitation and landscape context on yield.
Data for four entomophilous crops grown over 10 fields in Europe (buckwheat, field bean, spring oilseed rape and strawberry). Yield and visitation are scaled within each crop. Block, nested in site, nested in crop are included as a random factor. Agriculture is the proportion of arable land in the surrounding landscape of each field. The slopes and standard errors (SE) of each treatment level are shown.
| F-value | Df | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pollination treatment | 51.51 | 226 | <0.001 |
| Pollinator richness | 0.37 | 27 | 0.547 |
| Total number of visits | 6.65 | 27 | 0.015 |
| Agriculture 1 km radius | 0.01 | 27 | 0.946 |
| Treatment*Pollinator richness | 0.01 | 226 | 0.973 |
| Treatment*Total number of visits | 0.15 | 226 | 0.701 |
| Treatment*Agriculture | 9.67 | 226 | 0.002 |
| Estimate | SE | ||
| Slope visits net | 0.33 | 0.13 | |
| Slope visits open | 0.28 | 0.21 | |
| Slope agriculture net | 0.65 | 0.54 | |
| Slope agriculture open | −0.53 | 0.91 |