Table 2.
Age-specific incidence rates of bacteremia for individuals previously discharged with a COPD diagnosis and reference individuals from the general population
|
COPD-patients
|
Control Subjects
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pathogen | N (%) 1 | Incidence 2 | N (%) 1 | Incidence 2 | HR (95% CI) 3 |
| Pooled bloodstream infections |
1,265(100) |
145.0 (137.2-153.2) |
872 (100) |
62.3 (58.3-66.5) |
2.5 (2.2-2.7) |
| 40-59 years |
157 (12.4) |
87.4 (74.8-102.2) |
68 (7.8) |
29.1 (22.9-36.9) |
3.1 (2.2-4.3) |
| 60-79 years |
850 (67.2) |
154.0 (144.0-164.7) |
573 (65.7) |
61.5 (56.7-66.8) |
2.6 (2.3-3.0) |
| ≥80 years |
258 (20.4) |
183.0 (162.0-206.8) |
231 (26.5) |
98.2 (86.3-111.7) |
1.9 (1.5-2.3) |
|
Staphylococcus aureus |
183 (13.5) |
21.0 (18.1-24.2) |
127(12.8) |
9.1 (7.7-10.8) |
2.4(1.8-2.9) |
|
Streptococcus pneumoniae |
157 (11.2) |
18.0 (15.4-21.0) |
60(6.1) |
4.3 (3.3-5.5) |
4.1 (3.0-5.7) |
|
Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
45 (3.2) |
5.2 (3.9-6.9) |
26 (3.0) |
1.9 (1.3-2.7) |
3.0 (1.8-5.2) |
|
Enterobacteriacea
4
|
985 (42.0) |
112.9 (106.0-120.2) |
786 (48.5) |
56.2 (52.3-60.2) |
2.1 (1.9-2.5) |
|
Enterococci |
94 (7.2) |
10.8 (8.8-13.1) |
74 (8.2) |
5.3 (4.2-6.6) |
1.9 (1.3-2.6) |
|
Streptococcus pyogenes |
22 (1.6) |
2.5 (1.7-3.8) |
15 (1.6) |
1.1 (0.6-1.8) |
2.8 (1.4-5.6)5 |
|
Haemophilus influenzae |
10 (0.7) |
1.1 (0.6-2.1) |
7 (0.7) |
0.5 (0.2-1-0) |
2.8 (1.0-7.7)5 |
| Moraxella catarrhalis | 1 | NA | 0 | NA | NA |
1-Percentage of total blood cultures with growth in either COPD patients or control subjects. 2- Total (crude) incidence of bloodstream infections per 10,000 person-years of follow-up. Infectious episodes were separated by <30 days.3-Hazard ratio of time to first bloodstream infection estimated by Cox regression using time since inclusion as the time scale and stratified for age, year of birth and gender and adjusted for socio-economic position and co-morbidity conferring increased risk of severe bacterial infections. 4-E. coli, Citrobacter spp., Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., Providencia spp., Proteus spp., Serratia marcescens.; 5-Due to the limited number of outcomes, this Cox model was only adjusted for total days spent in the hospital prior to inclusion.