Table 3. Association between variables and HIV acquisition by Gender, Rakai, Uganda 2003–2011: Unadjusted analyses.
Men | Women | |||||
Characteristic | Relative Hazard | 95% CI | p-value | RelativeHazard | 95% CI | P-value |
Age (linear, years) | 1.27 | 1.05–1.44 | 0.002 | 0.98 | 0.96–0.99 | 0.001 |
Age (squared) | 99.51 | 99.24–99.79 | 0.001 | - | - | - |
Marriage | ||||||
Monogamous | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | |
Polygamous | 1.38 | 0.90–2.12 | 0..140 | 1.01 | 0.79–1.52 | 0.569 |
Separated | 2.42 | 1.47–3.98 | 0.001 | 2.73 | 2.05–3.63 | <0.001 |
Never married | 1.38 | 1.03–1.86 | 0.034 | 2.23 | 1.68–2.96 | <0.001 |
Education | ||||||
Primary/None | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | |
Post-primary | 0.55 | 0.40–0.77 | <0.001 | 0.88 | 0.69–1.11 | 0.284 |
Recent migration to community | 1.12 | 0.79–1.59 | 0.522 | 1.50 | 1.20–1.88 | <0.001 |
Community type | ||||||
Village | 1 | 1 | ||||
Trading center | 1.81 | 1.33–2.45 | <0.001 | 1.24 | 0.96–1.62 | 0.102 |
Number of sexual partners | ||||||
1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - |
2 | 1.36 | 1.00–1.86 | 0.053 | |||
2+ | - | - | - | 3.96 | 2.99–5.25 | <0.001 |
3+ | 2.71 | 1.97–3.72 | <0.001 | - | - | - |
New sex partner | 1.53 | 1.17–2.00 | 0.002 | 2.56 | 2.06–3.19 | <0.001 |
Transactional sex | 2.21 | 1.21–4.05 | 0.010 | 2.82 | 1.05–7.55 | 0.040 |
Casual sex | 1.44 | 0.99–2.08 | 0.055 | 2.61 | 1.39–4.91 | 0.003 |
Frequency of condom use | ||||||
Always | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - |
Sometimes | 1.20 | 0.81–1.78 | 0.363 | 1.25 | 0.83–1.88 | 0.276 |
Never | 0.75 | 0.50–1.12 | 0.157 | 0.60 | 0.41–0.89 | 0.011 |
Concurrency | 1.61 | 1.24–2.09 | <0.001 | 4.26 | 3.07–5.93 | <0.001 |
Alcohol use before sex | 1.46 | 1.12–1.89 | 0.005 | 1.38 | 1.12–1.71 | 0.003 |
Perception of exposure to HIV | 1.70 | 1.30–2.23 | <0.001 | 1.75 | 1.42–2.16 | <0.001 |
Genital ulcers | 2.31 | 1.68–3.19 | <0.001 | 1.96 | 1.49–2.56 | <0.001 |
VCT in last 12 months | 0.83 | 0.62–1.09 | 0.179 | 0.74 | 0.59–0.92 | 0.007 |
Circumcision | .56 | 0.39–0.82 | 0.003 | - | - | - |
Use of hormonal contraception | - | - | - | 1.06 | 0.88–1.29 | 0.518 |
Partner of unknown HIV status | 2.18 | 1.48–3.21 | <0.001 | 1.44 | 1.09–1.90 | 0.011 |
High risk employment | 1.17 | 0.89–1.52 | 0.262 | 1.65 | 1.26–2.16 | <0.001 |
Partner in high risk employment | 2.53 | 1.83–3.50 | <0.001 | 1.09 | 0.88–1.35 | 0.425 |
Community HIV prevalence | 1.05 | 1.01–1.08 | 0.003 | 1.04 | 1.01–1.07 | 0.002 |