Table 5. Results of generalized linear models (model 1 & 2) and generalized linear mixed effects models (models 3, 4 & 5) showing the influence of host age and sex on the proportion of each phylogenetic group of E. coli in elephants.

Model	Phylogroup	Covariate	Estimate	Standard error	z value	P
Model 1	A
		Age	−0.025	0.016	−1.530	0.126
		Sex	−0.005	0.405	−0.012	0.990
Model 2	B1
		Age	−0.003	0.005	−0.607	0.544
		Sex	−0.225	0.164	−1.374	0.169
Model 3	B2
		Age	0.027	0.019	1.428	0.153
		Sex	0.926	0.554	1.671	0.095
Model 4	D
		Age	−0.036	0.023	−1.598	0.110
		Sex	1.069	0.451	2.368	0.018
Model 5	unclassified
		Age	0.035	0.012	2.813	0.005
		Sex	−0.251	0.514	−0.487	0.626