Table 2. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis of factors associated with postoperative recurrence (stepwise method).

Variables	Univariate analysis			Multivariate analysis
	HR (95% CI)	P		HR (95% CI)	P
Gender	NA	NS		NA	NA
Age	NA	NS		NA	NA
Hypertension	NA	NS		NA	NA
Coronary heart disease	NA	NS		NA	NA
Hyperthyroidism	NA	NS		NA	NA
AF type	3.154 (1.736–5.729)	0.000		3.589 (1.925–6.690)	0.000
AF duration	1.807 (1.257–2.599)	0.001		2.084(1.449–2.996)	0.000
LAD	5.177(2.861–9.369)	0.000		4.575 (2.504–8.360)	0.000
PV variation, n	NA	NS		NA	NA
LSPV	4.058 (1.599–10.297)	0.003		NA	NS
LIPV	3.302 (1.631–6.685)	0.001		NA	NS
RSPV	2.812 (1.307–6.051)	0.008		NA	NS
RIPV	1.850 (0.992–3.451)	0.053		NA	NA
OLPV	3.458 (1.363–8.773)	0.009		NA	NS
ORPV	1.772(0.913–3.440)	0.091		NA	NA
OSPV	3.980 (1.682–9.417)	0.002		3.496 (1.368–8.938)	0.009
OIPV	1.787 (0.903–3.537)	0.095		NA	NA

Note: Multivariate analysis was performed using the Cox multivariate proportional hazard regression model with a stepwise method (forward, likelihood ratio); NA, not assessed; NS, not significant; AF, atrial fibrillation; PV, pulmonary vein; LSPV, left superior pulmonary vein; LIPV, left inferior pulmonary vein; RSPV, right superior pulmonary vein; RIPV, right inferior pulmonary vein; OLPV, overall left pulmonary vein; ORPV, overall right pulmonary vein; OSPV, overall superior pulmonary vein; OIPV, overall inferior pulmonary vein; LAD, left atrial diameter.