Table 1. PDR's research output according to research area and research institution: mean ± standard error and 95% confidence interval (brackets).

	Social Sciences (N = 52)
Research Centres (N = 39)	n/a
Russell Group Universities (N = 99)	0.9±0.1 [0.6, 1.1]
Other Universities (N = 47)	1.1±0.1 [0.8, 1.3]
	Life Sciences (N = 96)
Research Centres	0.5±0.1 [0.2, 0.7]
Russell Group Universities	0.7±0.1 [0.5, 0.9]
Other Universities	0.8±0.2 [0.3, 1.2]
	PCMS (N = 37)
Research Centres	0.5±0.3 [0, 1.1]
Russell Group Universities	1.0±0.2 [0.7, 1.4]
Other Universities	1.1±0.2 [0.7, 1.5]

“Other Sciences” refers to Physics, Chemistry and Mathematical Sciences (PCMS). N indicates the sample size.