Table 1. Summary of study conditions (E =  experimenter, L =  learner, T =  teacher).

No.	Name	Brief description
1	No feedback	Like baseline condition (2) but L does not cry out
2	Voice feedback	Baseline condition with 1 T in separate room from L, with 1 E present
3	Proximity	Like baseline condition but with T in same room as L, seated behind him
4	Touch	Like baseline condition but with T holding L's hand to the shock plate
5	Coronary trouble	Like baseline but L mentions heart trouble at beginning of the experiment and protests about it later
6	Different actors	Identical to condition 5 but with a different actors playing Learner and Experimenter
7	Group pressure to disobey	Like baseline condition but with 3 Ts: two (confederates) defy the E, who urges the participant T to continue shocks
8	Learner's proviso	Like baseline condition but at study outset L insists that he will only agree to take part if he can leave when he wants
9	Group pressure to obey	Like condition 7 but the 2 confederate Ts pressure the participant T to obey the E's directions
10	Conflicting instructions	Like baseline condition but E urges T to stop the shocks and L urges him to continue (obedience means not going to 450V)
11	Group choice	Like condition 7 but Ts can determine shock level (lowest of their 3 bids): confederate Ts go first and always increase
12	Role reversal	Like baseline condition but E and L swap roles (obedience means not going to 450V)
13	Non-trigger position	Like condition 7 but participant T reads word pairs while one of the confederate Ts administers shocks
14	Carte blanche	Like baseline condition but T decides the level of shocks on his own, without E's directions
15	Good/bad experimenter	Like baseline condition but there are 2 Es who give conflicting directions: one to stop, one to continue
16	Experimenter becomes learner	Like baseline condition but with 2 Es, one of whom volunteers to serve as L when original L is said to be unavailable
17	Teacher in charge	Like baseline condition but with 2 Ts, one of whom (a confederate) is given authority to choose shock levels when E is called away
18	No experimenter	Like baseline condition but E is called away and tells T to continue the experiment on his own, leaving E's phone number
19	Authority from afar	Like condition 18 but E leaves pre-recorded instructions for T to follow
20	Women	Like baseline condition but all Ts are female
21	Expert judgment	Psychiatrists and laypeople read the baseline study protocol and estimate level of obedience (not a true empirical condition)
22	Peer authority	Like condition 17 but confederate T suggests shock levels without being given authority to chose them and E leaves them to T's discretion
23	Bridgeport	Like condition 5 but study conducted in dingy Bridgeport office rather than at Yale
24	Intimate relationships	Like baseline condition but the L is a friend or relative of the T