Table 3. Female students' empathy, quality of life and burnout scores according to medical school stage.
| Domains | 1st and 2nd years | 3rd and 4th years | 5th and 6th years | F | df | p* | Mean square | 95% CI | Cohen's f | |
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | ||||||||
| Female | n = 248 | n = 259 | n = 207 | |||||||
| Empathy | Empathic concern | 20.98 (4.55) | 20.31 (4.52) | 19.98 (4.92) | 2.81 | 711 | 0.06 | 21.63 | [20.11, 20.79] | - |
| Perspective taking | 18.33a (4.83) | 18.01a, b (4.95) | 17.01b (5.13) | 4.21 | 711 | 0.01 | 24.63 | [17.47, 18.20] | 0.11 | |
| Personal distress | 13.28a (4.51) | 13.16a (4.23) | 12.14b (4.25) | 4.66 | 711 | 0.01 | 18.78 | 12.59, 13.23] | 0.11 | |
| Quality of life | WHOQOL-Physical Health | 61.77 (15.84) | 64.49 (14.67) | 63.85 (13.31) | 2.34 | 711 | 0.10 | 216.67 | [62.28, 64.44] | - |
| WHOQOL- Psychological | 59.81 (16.09) | 60.60 (16.32) | 57.89 (15.27) | 1.72 | 711 | 0.18 | 254.20 | [58.37, 60.71] | - | |
| WHOQOL-Social Relationships | 65.49a (18.32) | 63.45a, b (19.97) | 60.79b (20.09) | 3.30 | 711 | 0.04 | 378.23 | [61.95, 64.82] | 0.10 | |
| WHOQOL-Environment | 62.87 (14.75) | 65.23 (13.67) | 62.76 (13.37) | 2.46 | 711 | 0.09 | 195.18 | [62.66, 64.72] | - | |
| Burnout | Emotional Exhaustion | 27.00a (10.06) | 26.85a (9.47) | 29.55b (8.99) | 5.59 | 711 | <0.01 | 91.10 | [26.98, 28.39] | 0.12 |
| Depersonali-zation | 6.88a (5.24) | 7.74a (5.51) | 9.68b (5.51) | 15.56 | 711 | <0.01 | 29.37 | [7.60, 8.41] | 0.21 | |
| Personal accomplishment | 33.80 (7.76) | 32.98 (7.68) | 34.10 (7.15) | 1.39 | 711 | 0.25 | 57.12 | [33.03, 34.15] | - |
*ANOVA. Means followed by equal letters do not differ according to Tukey's post-hoc test.