Figure 7. DH-PS dose-dependently induced IL-1ra production in human monocytic cell line THP-1 cells.

(A) THP-1 cells were cultured with increasing concentrations of DH-PS at different cell densities for 18 hrs and supernatants were harvested for IL-1ra measurements. X-axis represented the concentration of DH-PS (μg/ml). Concentration 0 represented the use of PBS only as vehicle control. (B) THP-1 cells were cultured (2×10⁶ cells/ml) with DH-PS (100 μg/ml) or PBS and supernatants were collected in indicated time points for IL-1ra measurements. Results were presented as mean values with error bars showing the standard deviation of triplicate. Statistically significant difference: * compared with PBS-treated group, p<0.05. # compared with PBS-treated group, p<0.005. (C) THP-1 cells were cultured (2×10⁶ cells/ml) with DH-PS (100 μg/ml) and cells were collected in indicated time points for the assessment of mRNA expression of IL-1ra by RT-PCR.