Table 2.
Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios for associations between smoking-related variables and risk of Barrett’s esophagus
| BE | Colonoscopy controls
|
Endoscopy controls
|
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | n | Unadjusted OR (95 % CI) | Adjusted ORa (95 % CI) | n | Unadjusted OR (95 % CI) | Adjusted ORa (95 % CI) | |
| Smoking status | |||||||
| Never smokerb | 60 | 113 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 318 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Ever smoker | 198 | 340 | 1.10 (0.77–1.57) | 0.84 (0.53–1.32) | 827 | 1.27 (0.93–1.74) | 1.09 (0.78–1.52) |
| Ex-smoker | 110 | 205 | 1.01 (0.69–1.49) | 0.74 (0.45–1.22) | 438 | 1.33 (0.94–1.88) | 1.06 (0.73–1.53) |
| Current smoker | 88 | 135 | 1.23 (0.81–1.85) | 0.99 (0.59–1.68) | 389 | 1.20 (0.84–1.72) | 1.12 (0.77–1.64) |
| Smoking intensity (cigarettes/day) | |||||||
| ≤15 | 61 | 158 | 0.73 (0.47–1.12) | 0.64 (0.38–1.11) | 307 | 1.05 (0.71–1.55) | 1.17 (0.77–1.76) |
| 15.01–20 | 65 | 101 | 1.21 (0.78–1.89) | 1.04 (0.60–1.81) | 276 | 1.25 (0.85–1.84) | 1.02 (0.68–1.52) |
| > 20 | 71 | 81 | 1.65 (1.06–2.58) | 0.91 (0.52–1.59) | 243 | 1.55 (1.06–2.27) | 1.08 (0.72–1.62) |
| p-trendc | < 0.001 | 0.27 | 0.05 | 0.80 | |||
| Age at smoking initiation (years) | |||||||
| ≤15 | 67 | 104 | 1.21 (0.78–1.88) | 0.76 (0.44–1.32) | 275 | 1.29 (0.88–1.90) | 1.03 (0.69–1.54) |
| 16–18 | 81 | 125 | 1.22 (0.80–1.86) | 1.01 (0.60–1.71) | 308 | 1.39 (0.96–2.02) | 1.14 (0.78–1.68) |
| > 18 | 49 | 111 | 0.83 (0.53–1.32) | 0.71 (0.40–1.27) | 244 | 1.06 (0.70–1.61) | 1.07 (0.69–1.65) |
| p-trendc | 0.11 | 0.85 | 0.39 | 0.75 | |||
| Smoking duration (years) | |||||||
| ≤25 | 70 | 121 | 1.09 (0.71–1.67) | 0.79 (0.46–1.36) | 255 | 1.46 (0.99–2.13) | 1.21 (0.81–1.81) |
| 25.01–40 | 67 | 134 | 0.94 (0.61–1.45) | 0.72 (0.41–1.26) | 320 | 1.11 (0.76–1.63) | 1.04 (0.70–1.56) |
| > 40 | 61 | 85 | 1.35 (0.86–2.13) | 1.05 (0.60–1.84) | 252 | 1.28 (0.87–1.90) | 1.01 (0.66–1.53) |
| p-trendc | 0.52 | 0.49 | 0.40 | 0.43 | |||
| Pack-years of smoking | |||||||
| ≤15 | 50 | 122 | 0.77 (0.49–1.22) | 0.66 (0.37–1.17) | 240 | 1.10 (0.73–1.67) | 1.05 (0.68–1.61) |
| 15.01–40 | 74 | 130 | 1.07 (0.70–1.64) | 0.94 (0.55–1.60) | 320 | 1.23 (0.84–1.78) | 1.16 (0.79–1.72) |
| > 40 | 73 | 88 | 1.56 (1.01–2.43) | 0.91 (0.53–1.59) | 266 | 1.46 (1.00–2.12) | 1.03 (0.69–1.54) |
| p-trendc | 0.002 | 0.34 | 0.17 | 0.96 | |||
| Smoking cessation (years) | |||||||
| ≤15 | 42 | 76 | 1.04 (0.64–1.70) | 0.73 (0.39–1.37) | 176 | 1.27 (0.82–1.95) | 1.12 (0.71–1.77) |
| 15.01–30 | 37 | 70 | 1.00 (0.60–1.65) | 0.86 (0.46–1.62) | 171 | 1.15 (0.73–1.80) | 0.86 (0.53–1.39) |
| > 30 | 31 | 59 | 0.99 (0.58–1.69) | 0.57 (0.29–1.13) | 91 | 1.81 (1.10–2.95) | 1.23 (0.72–2.09) |
| p-trendc | 0.86 | 0.56 | 0.25 | 0.66 | |||
BE Barrett’s esophagus, CI confidence interval, OR odds ratio
a
Adjusted for age, sex, race, duration of GERD symptoms, WHR, H. pylori infection, PPI use and NSAID use
b
Reference group for all analyses is never smokers
c
p for trend excludes never smokers