Table 3.
Results of Cervical Ranges of Motion
| Cervical Range of Motion | Manual Therapy | Manipulation | Combination | Control |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cervical flexion | ||||
| Pretreatment | 49.20 (12.53) | 53 (10.23) | 53.25 (12.39) | 46.95 (9.03) |
| Posttreatment | 59.85 (11.61) | 54.95 (9.86) | 53.05 (11.24) | 50.29 (9.81) |
| Follow-up | 56.85 (10.85) | 52.30 (11.24) | 52.75 (10.32) | 49.40 (9.47) |
| Pre/Posttreatment | z = − 3.04; P = .002b | z = − 1.22; P = .22 | z = − 0.41; P = .67 | z = − 2.40; P = .02a |
| Pre/Follow-up | z = − 2.26; P = .02a | z = − 0.50; P = .61 | z = − 0.18; P = .85 | z = − 2.03; P = .04a |
| Effect size | 0.59 | 0.007 | 0.04 | 0.26 |
| Cervical extension | ||||
| Pretreatment | 50.90 (14.51) | 49.36 (10.36) | 53.40 (13.06) | 51.82 (11.29) |
| Posttreatment | 57.05 (13.33) | 56.35(11.85) | 57.80 (14.53) | 54.24 (11.44) |
| Follow-up | 54.15 (12.91) | 53.50 (7.56) | 57.85 (11.49) | 55.10 (11.73) |
| Pre/Posttreatmen | t = − 2.34; P = .03a | t = − 2.26; P = .03a | t = − 1.94; P = .06 | t = − 1.46; P = .15 |
| Pre/Follow-up | t = − 0.93; P = .36 | t = − 1.67; P = .10 | t = − 1.41; P = .17 | t = − 1.71; P = .10 |
| Effect size | 0.21 | 0.38 | 0.33 | 0.28 |
| Right lateral flexion | ||||
| Pretreatment | 35.60 (14.36) | 39.50 (6) | 39.95 (8.67) | 38.32 (6.22) |
| Posttreatment | 38.60 (8.13) | 40.10 (10.73) | 40.25 (8.06) | 40.95 (8.25) |
| Follow-up | 38.05 (7.03) | 41.70 (7.37) | 39.85 (6.40) | 40.70 (5.44) |
| Pre/Posttreatment | t = − 1.03; P = .31 | t = − 0.43; P = .67 | t = − 0.17; P = .86 | t = − 1.55; P = .13 |
| Pre/Follow-up | t = − 0.86; P = .39 | t = − 1.26;P = .22 | t = − 0.05; P = .17 | t = − 3.31;P = .04a |
| Effect size | 0.16 | 0.35 | 0.01 | 0.37 |
| Left lateral flexion | ||||
| Pretreatment | 38.15 (12.69) | 39.54 (6.36) | 41.45 (9.49) | 38.27 (7.08) |
| Posttreatment | 41.35 (7.47) | 44.05 (5.59) | 41.05 (8.73) | 41.14 (6.46) |
| Follow-up | 40.60 (7.70) | 42.50 (5.74) | 43.20 (6.95) | 40.20 (5.81) |
| Pre/Posttreatment | z = − 1.71; P = .08 | z = − 2.40; P = .01b | z = − 0.03; P = .97 | z = − 2.73; P = .06 |
| Pre/Follow-up | t = − 0.86; P = .39 | z = − 1.96; P = .04a | z = − 0.76; P = .44 | z = − 1.52; P = .04a |
| Effect size | 0.19 | 0.45 | 0.18 | 0.40 |
| Right rotation | ||||
| Pretreatment | 59.85 (11.94) | 61.05 (8.27) | 63.10 (9.76) | 58.73 (9.70) |
| Posttreatment | 64.35 (12.28) | 68.70 (7.86) | 67.95 (9.96) | 61.86 (7.67) |
| Follow-up | 61.80 (12.24) | 66.45 (7.51) | 66.05 (10.84) | 60.45 (7.87) |
| Pre/Posttreatment | z = − 2.34; P = .02a | z = − 3.42; P = .000c | z = − 2.02; P = .04a | z = − 1.77; P = .07 |
| Pre/Follow-up | z = − 0.68; P = .49 | z = − 2.69; P = .007b | z = − 1.55; P = .12 | z = − 0.28; P = .77 |
| Effect size | 0.16 | 0.63 | 0.29 | 0.17 |
| Left rotation | ||||
| Pretreatment | 56.50 (14.34) | 64.45 (8.05) | 63.45 (11.26) | 62.36 (9.23) |
| Posttreatment | 66.83 (11.22) | 64.15 (13.47) | 71.50 (7.61) | 68.10 (12.12) |
| Follow-up | 63.15 (10.79) | 68.20 (9.14) | 66.80 (11.76) | 61.40 (9.74) |
| Pre/Posttreatment | t =−4.03; P = .000c | t = − 3.07; P = .006b | t =−2.40; P = .02a | t = − 1.06; P = .30 |
| Pre/Follow-up | t = − 2.59; P = .02a | t = − 2.33; P = .03a | t = − 1.51; P = .14 | t = − 0.89; P = .38 |
| Effect size | 0.45 | 0.45 | 0.29 | 0.10 |
All results are presented as mean (SD) unless indicated otherwise.
z, Wilcoxon test; t, t test for 2 related samples.
a
≤ 0.05.
b
≤ 0.01.
c
≤ 0.001.