FIG. 3.

Activation of monocytes and expression of costimulatory molecules. Frequencies of monocytes (CD14⁺; Supplementary Fig. S2A) expressing CD83, CD80, and CD86 (A) and MFI (B) in PBMCs from healthy donors (N=6) cultured overnight in media alone, HIV, 0.1% DMSO, and 0.1% DMSO+HIV. Frequencies of monocytes expressing CD83, CD80, and CD86 (C, E, G, respectively) and MFI (D, F, H, respectively) in PBMCs from the same donors (N=6) cultured overnight in 0.1% DMSO+HIV in the presence or absence of 1 μg/ml HM13N, WM5, WM21, or CQ. In all panels, the left plots represent raw data on monocyte frequencies (C, E, G) or MFI (D, F, H) and the right plots represent the relative change caused by each compound compared to 0.1% DMSO+HIV, calculated as [(compound+HIV) – (DMSO+HIV)]/(DMSO+HIV). In all graphs, each symbol represents one individual donor and horizontal and vertical lines indicate medians and IQRs. *p<0.05 using Wilcoxon sign rank test on raw frequencies and MFIs.