SS-31 promotes electron transfer through the cyt c-CL complex. (A) SS-31 promotes reduction of cyt c in the presence of CL. Dotted line represents reduction (%) of cyt c with either GSH or ascorbate. 100 μM SS-31 does not promote reduction of cyt c in its native conformation, without CL. In the presence of CL, SS-31 dose dependently rescues reduction of cyt c. **P<0.01. ***P<0.001, significantly different from ‘no CL’ values; one-way ANOVA with Dunnett's multiple comparison test. (B) SS-31 promotes oxygen consumption in mitoplasts where cyt c is inhibited by excess CL. SS-31 did not affect TMPD/ascorbate-induced oxygen consumption in cyt c-depleted mitoplasts, in the presence or absence of exogenous cyt c. When exogenous cyt c-activated oxygen consumption was inhibited by CL, SS-31 completely restored respiration. All data are shown as means ± SEM, n = 4–8. ***P<0.001, significant effects of SS-31 on respiration in mitoplasts; Student's t-test.